柔然语，又称为蠕蠕语，是一种已经灭绝的语言，来自蒙古和中国北方，也是柔然从4到6世纪公元的语言。有人认为柔然语可能属于蒙古语系[1][2][3][4][5][6]，该论断被蒙古国的两块石碑Bugut和Khüis Tolgoi的碑文所支持。
音系
柔然语有以下几点音系特征：[2]
形态
柔然语有阴性后缀-tu-[2]。
词汇
- küskü – “鼠”
- ud – “牛”
- luu – “龙” < 中古汉语：luŋ – '龙'
- yund – “马” < 古代突厥语：𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱃 - '马'[8]
- laγzïn – “猪”
- qaγan – “皇帝”
- qan – “可汗”
- qaγatun – “皇后”
- qatun – “可汗之妻”
- aq – “粪便”
- and – “誓约” < 古代突厥语：𐰦 “誓约”
- beg – “长者”
- bitig – “铭文”
- bod – “人民”
- drö – “法律”
- küǰü – “力量”
- ordu – “营帐”
- tal- – “掠夺”
- törö – “出生”
- türǖg – “突厥”
参考文献
- ↑ Vovin, Alexander 2004. ‘Some Thoughts on the Origins of the Old Turkic 12-Year Animal Cycle.’ Central Asiatic Journal 48/1: 118–32.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Vovin, Alexander. 2010. Once Again on the Ruan-ruan Language. Ötüken’den İstanbul’a Türkçenin 1290 Yılı (720–2010) Sempozyumu From Ötüken to Istanbul, 1290 Years of Turkish (720–2010). 3–5 Aralık 2010, İstanbul / 3–5 December 2010, İstanbul: 1–10.
- ↑ Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87–104.
- ↑ Vajda, Edward J. (2013). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. Oxford/New York: Routledge.
- ↑ Vovin, Alexander. A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language: the Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi Inscriptions. International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics: 162–197. [2019-07-28]. ISSN 2589-8825 （英语）.
- ↑ Crossley, Pamela Kyle. Hammer and Anvil: Nomad Rulers at the Forge of the Modern World. 2019: 49.
- ↑ Alexander Vovin, (2019), A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language:the Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi Inscriptions, p. 162-197
- ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “yunt”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 946
