次閉央不圓唇元音

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换,现处于台湾繁体模式
求聞百科,共筆求聞
次閉央不圓唇元音
ɨ̞
ɪ̈
IPA編號317 430
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ɪ​̈
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+026A U+0308
X-SAMPA音標1_oI\
IPA盲文⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
音頻範例
noicon

次閉央不圓唇元音(near-close central unrounded vowel、near-high central unrounded vowel[1])是一個用在某些口語上的元音。在國際音標中,這個音可以用數種方法來表現(見右表),但最常見的則是ɪ̈中央化[ɪ])和ɨ̞低化的 [ɨ])。其他的表述方法則如ɪ̠ (舌根後移[ɪ]) 和 ɘ̝ (較高[ɘ])。X-SAMPA對於此音的表示方法則分別是I\1_oI_-@\_r

在許多英式字典中,此元音時常被寫為ɪ,而在美式音標中則更常被表示為ɨ[2]也被用在一些刊物中,例如John C. Wells的Accents of English。在第三版的牛津英語詞典中,代表/ɪ//ə/之間的自由變異

各語言比較表

語言 詞彙 國際音標 意義 注釋
漢語 臺灣國語 [d͡ʒɨ̞̄] 普通話等於[ɨ]

特徵

國際音標元音
次閉
半閉
半開
次開

表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇/圓唇

  • 圓唇度不圓唇元音,嘴唇自然放鬆,不特別向前突起。


註釋

  1. While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
  2. Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:298頁)

參考文獻

  • Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971 
  • Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic, The dialects in the South of England: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (編), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 181–196, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
  • Ball, Martin J., Phonetics for phonology, Ball, Martin J.; Jones, G.E (編), Welsh Phonology, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1984, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9 
  • Hayward, Katrina; Hayward, Richard J., Amharic, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 45–50, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969 
  • Kruspe, Nicole; Hajek, John, Mah Meri, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (2): 241–248, doi:10.1017/S0025100309003946 
  • Lass, Roger, South African English, Mesthrie, Rajend (編), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052 
  • Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2 
  • Mott, Brian, Traditional Cockney and popular London speech, Dialectologia (RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert)), 2012, 9: 69–94, ISSN 2013-2247 
  • Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
  • Ó Sé, Diarmuid, Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 (愛爾蘭語) 
  • Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A., Phonetic Symbol Guide, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 9780226685366 
  • Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto, Mapudungun, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369 
  • Tench, Paul, Tera, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952 
  • Teo, Amos B., Sumi (Sema), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (03): 365–373, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000254 
  • Teo, Amos B., A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 2014, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5 
  • Wells, John C., Accents of English 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-28541-0