| 次闭央不圆唇元音 | |
|---|---|
| ɨ̞ | |
| ɪ̈ | |
| IPA编号 | 317 430 |
| 编码 | |
| HTML码（十进制） | ɪ̈ |
| Unicode码（十六进制） | U+026A U+0308 |
| X-SAMPA音标 | 1_o或I\ |
| IPA盲文 |    |
| 音频范例 | |
次闭央不圆唇元音（near-close central unrounded vowel、near-high central unrounded vowel[1]）是一个用在某些口语上的元音。在国际音标中，这个音可以用数种方法来表现（见右表），但最常见的则是⟨ɪ̈⟩（中央化的[ɪ]）和⟨ɨ̞⟩（低化的 [ɨ]）。其他的表述方法则如⟨ɪ̠⟩ (舌根后移的 [ɪ]) 和 ⟨ɘ̝⟩ (较高的 [ɘ])。X-SAMPA对于此音的表示方法则分别是I\，1_o，I_-和@\_r。
在许多英式字典中，此元音时常被写为⟨ɪ⟩，而在美式音标中则更常被表示为⟨ɨ⟩或⟨ᵻ⟩[2]。⟨ᵻ⟩也被用在一些刊物中，例如John C. Wells的Accents of English。在第三版的牛津英语词典中，⟨ᵻ⟩代表/ɪ/与/ə/之间的自由变异。
各语言比较表
| 语言 | 词汇 | 国际音标 | 意义 | 注释 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 汉语 | 台湾国语 | 知 | [d͡ʒɨ̞̄] | 知 | 普通话等于[ɨ] |
特征
| 国际音标：元音 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
表内成对的元音分别为不圆唇／圆唇。 |
- 其圆唇度为不圆唇元音，嘴唇自然放松，不特别向前突起。
注释
- ↑ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ↑ Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:298页)
参考文献
- Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971
- Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic, The dialects in the South of England: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 181–196, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Ball, Martin J., Phonetics for phonology, Ball, Martin J.; Jones, G.E (编), Welsh Phonology, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1984, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
- Hayward, Katrina; Hayward, Richard J., Amharic, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 45–50, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969
- Kruspe, Nicole; Hajek, John, Mah Meri, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (2): 241–248, doi:10.1017/S0025100309003946
- Lass, Roger, South African English, Mesthrie, Rajend (编), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052
- Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
- Mott, Brian, Traditional Cockney and popular London speech, Dialectologia (RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert)), 2012, 9: 69–94, ISSN 2013-2247
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Ó Sé, Diarmuid, Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 （爱尔兰语）
- Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A., Phonetic Symbol Guide, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 9780226685366
- Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto, Mapudungun, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369
- Tench, Paul, Tera, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
- Teo, Amos B., Sumi (Sema), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (03): 365–373, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000254
- Teo, Amos B., A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 2014, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
- Wells, John C., Accents of English 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-28541-0