卷舌闪音 是一种辅音,在部分口语中使用, 国际音标 符号是⟨ ɽ ⟩ , X-SAMPA 符号是⟨ r` ⟩ 。
特征
卷舌闪音 的特征:
见于
注释
↑ 1.0 1.1 Mazumdar (2000 :57页) harv error: no target: CITEREFMazumdar2000 (help )
↑ Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :50–51, 53–55页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ 4.0 4.1 Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :95, 97, 101, 107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :50–51, 53–54页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :54页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
↑ 8.0 8.1 L.F. Brosnahan. Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni (PDF) . [2013-11-24 ] .
↑ 9.0 9.1 Tiwari (2004 :?页) harv error: no target: CITEREFTiwari2004 (help )
↑ 10.0 10.1 Okada (1999 :118页) harv error: no target: CITEREFOkada1999 (help )
↑ 11.0 11.1 Vance (2008 :89页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVance2008 (help )
↑ 12.0 12.1 Labrune (2012 :92页) harv error: no target: CITEREFLabrune2012 (help )
↑ Khatiwada (2009 :377页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help )
↑ Khatiwada (2009 :374页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help )
↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Heide (2010 :3–44页) harv error: no target: CITEREFHeide2010 (help )
↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Kristoffersen (2000 :24页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKristoffersen2000 (help )
↑ 17.0 17.1 Masica (1991 :107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFMasica1991 (help )
↑ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (葡萄牙语)
↑ (葡萄牙语) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná . Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
↑ (葡萄牙语) 保利斯塔内陆"首都"的韵尾/r/:社会语言学分析 . Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
↑ (葡萄牙语) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty . 22和23页。
↑ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas. 3.3.1. A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Volume 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2019: 24. ISBN 9781614512257 (英语) . Retroflex /ṇ/和/ḷ/(即IPA/ɳ/和/ɭ/) 对应拉合尔旁遮普语齿音/n/和/l/ ,尽管这现象在城区年轻使用者那里减弱。我们发现卷舌鼻音和卷舌边音在现行旁遮普语Shahmukhi文正字法/ṇ/只偶然地被描写,且/ḷ/没有被呈现。
↑ 23.0 23.1 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001 :282页) harv error: no target: CITEREFValenzuelaMárquez_PinedoMaddieson2001 (help )
肺部气流音
当符号成对出现时,左边的是清音,右边的是浊音 。阴影区域表示被认为是不可能的发音。
图表