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本网站的医疗相关内容仅供参考，并不能视作专业意见。如需医疗服务或可靠意见，请咨询专业人士。| 严重急性呼吸道综合征相关冠状病毒 | |
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病毒分类 
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| –未分级–： | 病毒 Virus |
| 域： | 核糖病毒域 Riboviria |
| 界： | 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae |
| 门： | 小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota |
| 纲： | 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes |
| 目： | 网巢病毒目 Nidovirales |
| 科： | 冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae |
| 属： | 乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus |
| 亚属： | SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus |
| 种： | 严重急性呼吸道综合征相关冠状病毒 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus |
| 病毒株 | |
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严重急性呼吸道综合征相关冠状病毒（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus），简称SARS相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠状病毒科乙型冠状病毒属的一个种。[1]该种病毒现有2个可传染人的分型[2]。
分型
- 第一个分型称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus，简称SARS-CoV）[2]，发现于2003年，引发了SARS疫情，有可能是通过菊头蝠传播到人类的[3]。
- 第二个分型称为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，简称SARS-CoV-2），发现于2019年，引发了2019新型冠状病毒感染疫情[2]，有研究认为，该病毒类型可能是通过马来穿山甲传播给人类的[4][5]。截至2021年6月，病毒溯源工作仍在进行。统计至2021年2月4日为止，病例数约为SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人数约为2900倍。
- 关系图
| 严重急性呼吸道综合征相关冠状病毒 SARSr-CoV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 SARS-CoV | 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 SARS-CoV-2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
演化树
截至2021年1月[update]，SARS-CoV与相关病毒株的系统发生树：
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SARS-CoV-2 79 % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
蝙蝠病毒
果子狸病毒
人类病毒
SARS-CoV-2与相关病毒株的系统发生树[13][14] :
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SARS-CoV 79% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
蝙蝠病毒
穿山甲病毒
人类病毒
参考文献
引用
- ↑ Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Baker, Susan C.; Baric, Ralph S.; de Groot, Raoul J.; Drosten, Christian; Gulyaeva, Anastasia A.; Haagmans, Bart L.; Lauber, Chris; Leontovich, Andrey M. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-04, 5 (4): 536–544 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z （英语）.
- ↑ Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi. Drosten, Christian , 编. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698 [2021-04-07]. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 5708621
. PMID 29190287. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698 （英语）.
- ↑ Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485 （英语）.
- ↑ Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019/11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979 （英语）.
- ↑ Kim Y, Son K, Kim YS, Lee SY, Jheong W, Oem JK. Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea.. Virus Genes. 2019, 55 (4): 545–549. PMC 7089380 . PMID 31076983. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Li, W. Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses. Science. 2005, 310 (5748): 676–679. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1118391.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Xing‐Yi Ge, Ben Hu, and Zheng‐Li Shi. BAT CORONAVIRUSES. Lin-Fa Wang and Christopher Cowled (编). Bats and Viruses: A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases, First Edition.. John Wiley & Sons. 2015.
- ↑ He B, Zhang Y, Xu L, Yang W, Yang F, Feng Y; et al. Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats in China.. J Virol. 2014, 88 (12): 7070–82. PMC 4054348 . PMID 24719429. doi:10.1128/JVI.00631-14.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lau, Susanna K. P.; Feng, Yun; Chen, Honglin; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Yang, Wei-Hong; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Zhang, Yu-Zhen; Huang, Yi; et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination. Journal of Virology. 2015, 89 (20): 10532–10547. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.01048-15.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Xing-Yi Ge; Jia-Lu Li; Xing-Lou Yang; et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2013, 503 (7477): 535–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901. doi:10.1038/nature12711.
- ↑ Yang XL, Hu B, Wang B, Wang MN, Zhang Q, Zhang W; et al. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to the Direct Progenitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.. J Virol. 2016, 90 (6): 3253–6. PMC 4810638 . PMID 26719272. doi:10.1128/JVI.02582-15.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Wacharapluesadee S, Tan CW, Maneeorn P, Duengkae P, Zhu F, Joyjinda Y, et al. Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia. Nature Communications. February 2021, 12 (1): 972. PMC 7873279 . PMID 33563978. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21240-1 .
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Hul V, Delaune D, Karlsson EA, Hassanin A, Tey PO, Baidaliuk A, et al. A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia. bioRxiv: 2021.01.26.428212. 26 January 2021. doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.428212 （英语）.
- ↑ Murakami, Shin; Kitamura, Tomoya; Suzuki, Jin; Sato, Ryouta; Aoi, Toshiki; Fujii, Marina; Matsugo, Hiromichi; Kamiki, Haruhiko; Ishida, Hiroho; Takenaka-Uema, Akiko; Shimojima, Masayuki; Horimoto, Taisuke. Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020, 26 (12): 3025–3029. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203386.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Hu, Dan; Zhu, Changqiang; Ai, Lele; He, Ting; Wang, Yi; Ye, Fuqiang; Yang, Lu; Ding, Chenxi; Zhu, Xuhui; Lv, Ruicheng; Zhu, Jin; Hassan, Bachar; Feng, Youjun; Tan, Weilong; Wang, Changjun. Genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel SARS-like coronavirus in Chinese bats. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2018, 7 (1): 1–10. ISSN 2222-1751. doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0155-5.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; et al. Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature. 2020, 583 (7815): 282–285. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0.
- ↑ Zhou, Hong; Chen, Xing; Hu, Tao; Li, Juan; Song, Hao; Liu, Yanran; Wang, Peihan; Liu, Di; Yang, Jing; Holmes, Edward C.; Hughes, Alice C.; Bi, Yuhai; Shi, Weifeng. A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein. Current Biology. 2020, 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. ISSN 0960-9822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023.
- ↑ Zhou, Peng; Yang, Xing-Lou; Wang, Xian-Guang; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Wei; Si, Hao-Rui; Zhu, Yan; et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020, 579 (7798): 270–273. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.
来源
- Peiris, Jsm; Lai, St; Poon, Llm; Guan, Y; Yam, Lyc; Lim, W; Nicholls, J; Yee, Wks; Yan, Ww. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The Lancet. 2003-04, 361 (9366): 1319–1325 [2021-04-07]. PMC 7112372 . PMID 12711465. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13077-2 （英语）.
- Rota, P. A. Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Science. 2003-05-30, 300 (5624): 1394–1399. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1394R. PMID 12730500. doi:10.1126/science.1085952.
- Marra, Marco A.; Jones, Steven J. M.; Astell, Caroline R.; Holt, Robert A.; Brooks-Wilson, Angela; Butterfield, Yaron S. N.; Khattra, Jaswinder; Asano, Jennifer K.; Barber, Sarah A. The Genome Sequence of the SARS-Associated Coronavirus. Science. 2003-05-30, 300 (5624): 1399–1404 [2021-04-07]. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1399M. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12730501. doi:10.1126/science.1085953 （英语）.
- Snijder, Eric J.; Bredenbeek, Peter J.; Dobbe, Jessika C.; Thiel, Volker; Ziebuhr, John; Poon, Leo L.M.; Guan, Yi; Rozanov, Mikhail; Spaan, Willy J.M. Unique and Conserved Features of Genome and Proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an Early Split-off From the Coronavirus Group 2 Lineage. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2003-08, 331 (5): 991–1004 [2021-04-07]. PMC 7159028 . PMID 12927536. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9 （英语）.
- Yount, B.; Roberts, R. S.; Lindesmith, L.; Baric, R. S. Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: Engineering a recombination-resistant genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006-08-15, 103 (33): 12546–12551 [2020-02-14]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312546Y. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1531645 . PMID 16891412. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605438103 （英语）.
- Thiel V (编). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
- Enjuanes L, et al. Coronavirus Replication and Interaction with Host. Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. 2008. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.
外部链接
- WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus
- The SARS virus genetic map
- Science special on the SARS virus (free content: no registration required)
- McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15].
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
- World Health Organization on alert
- SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859.
- Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus