植物油 |
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类型 |
用途 |
脂肪酸 |
植物油(英语:Vegetable oil),由植物来源取得的油脂,通常是由植物种子中取得,主要成分三酸甘油脂依来源不同有多种脂肪酸组合。植物油一词有时会特别用来指在室温下会保持液体形态的植物来源油脂(Plant oil),而在室温下会保持固体形态的则称为植物脂(Plant fat)。人类从很古老的时代就开始使用植物油,主要用于烹调食物之用。热带植物油普遍相较于温寒带植物油,通常含有较多比例的饱和脂肪酸,因为其于高温下较为稳定,细胞膜脂结构较不易破坏。[1]
冷压初榨
冷压初榨是植物油(如橄榄油)的处理方式,冷压是榨油时,将温度控制在摄氏60度到80度(而不是一般热压的摄氏200度以上),油品可以保存较久,但生产需要的时间较长[2],初榨则是指原材料第一次榨取时得到的油品[2]。
成分
植物油 本表列出每100克植物油中各种成分的含量,单位为克(另有标记除外);所有数据四舍五入保留一位小数,-表示无数据来源。 | ||||||||||
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名称 | 主要原料 | 数据来源 | 饱和 脂肪酸 |
单不饱和 脂肪酸 |
多不饱和脂肪酸 | 反式 脂肪酸 |
α-生育酚 (毫克) |
维生素K1 (微克) | ||
总量 | 其中: ω-3脂肪酸 |
其中: ω-6脂肪酸 | ||||||||
扁桃仁油 | 扁桃仁 | 旧标准参考[3] | 8.2 | 69.9 | 17.4 | - | - | - | 39.2 | 7 |
杏仁油 | 杏仁 | 旧标准参考[4] | 6.3 | 60 | 29.3 | - | - | - | 4 | 0 |
牛油果油 | 鳄梨 | 旧标准参考[5] | 11.6 | 70.6 | 13.5 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
芥花籽油 | 油菜 | 基础数据[6] | 6.6 | 62.6 | 25.3 | 7.5 | 17.8 | 0 | 17.3 | 0 |
椰子油 | 椰子 | 基础数据[7] | 82.5 | 6.3 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
玉米油 | 玉米 | 基础数据[8] | 13.4 | 27.7 | 52.9 | 1 | 51.9 | 0 | 22.6 | 0 |
食用棉籽油 | 棉花属 | 旧标准参考[9] | 25.9 | 17.8 | 51.9 | - | - | - | 35.3 | 24.7 |
冷榨亚麻籽油 | 亚麻 | 旧标准参考[10] | 9 | 18.4 | 67.8 | 53.4 | 14.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 9.3 |
葡萄籽油 | 葡萄 | 旧标准参考[11] | 9.6 | 16.1 | 69.9 | - | - | - | 28.8 | 0 |
榛子油 | 榛子 | 旧标准参考[12] | 7.4 | 78 | 10.2 | - | - | - | 47.2 | 0 |
芥末油 | 芥菜籽 | 旧标准参考[13] | 11.6 | 59.2 | 21.2 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
淡橄榄油 | 油橄榄 | 基础数据[14] | 15.8 | 66.6 | 10.4 | 0.6 | 9.7 | 0.1 | 20.9 | 26 |
特级初榨橄榄油 | 油橄榄 | 基础数据[15] | 15.4 | 69.2 | 9.1 | 0.7 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
棕榈油 | 油棕 | 旧标准参考[16] | 49.3 | 37 | 9.3 | - | - | - | 15.9 | 8 |
花生油 | 花生 | 基础数据[17] | 16.2 | 57.1 | 19.9 | 0.3 | 19.6 | 0.2 | 15.2 | 4.2 |
罂粟籽油 | 罂粟籽 | 旧标准参考[18] | 13.5 | 19.7 | 62.4 | - | - | - | 11.4 | 0 |
稻米油 | 米糠 | 旧标准参考[19] | 19.7 | 39.3 | 35 | - | - | - | 32.3 | 24.7 |
红花籽油 | 红花 | 基础数据[20] | 7.7 | 71.6 | 13.8 | 0.2 | 13.6 | 0.1 | 46 | 5.3 |
芝麻油 | 芝麻 | 旧标准参考[21] | 14.2 | 39.7 | 41.7 | - | - | - | 1.4 | 13.6 |
乳木果油 | 乳木果 | 旧标准参考[22] | 46.6 | 44 | 5.2 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
大豆油 | 大豆 | 基础数据[23] | 14.9 | 22.1 | 57.6 | 6.6 | 50.9 | 0 | 12.2 | 0 |
葵花籽油 | 葵花籽 | 基础数据[24] | 9 | 63.4 | 20.7 | 0.2 | 20.5 | 0.1 | 68.5 | 6.9 |
山茶油 | 油茶 | 旧标准参考[25] | 21.1 | 51.5 | 23 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
番茄籽油 | 番茄 | 旧标准参考[26] | 19.7 | 22.8 | 53.1 | - | - | - | 3.8 | 0 |
核桃油 | 核桃 | 旧标准参考[27] | 9.1 | 22.8 | 63.3 | - | - | - | 0.4 | 15 |
小麦胚芽油 | 小麦 | 旧标准参考[28] | 18.8 | 15.1 | 61.7 | - | - | - | 149.4 | 24.7 |
参考文献
- ↑ 植物在逆境下的生理反应清华大学 生命科学院。
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “冷压初榨”到底是什么意思?无毒专家:我家不吃沙拉油的原因是...
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ FoodData Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture.