巴列维文字 | |
---|---|
巴列维文字书籍里的Ērānšahr(伊朗)这个词语 | |
类型 | 选择性的(辅音音素文字、语素文字) |
语言 | 中古伊朗语言 |
使用时期 | 公元前2世纪至公元7世纪[1] |
母书写系统 | |
子书写系统 | 阿维斯坦字母 |
ISO 15924 | Phli、131
|
书写方向 | 混合方向 |
Unicode范围 |
|
巴列维文字(Pahlavi;Pahlavi scripts)是各类型中古伊朗语言的一种特殊的、专门的书面文字。巴列维文字本质上的特征为:[2]
- 使用特殊的阿拉米字母衍生之文字;
- 用为阿拉米语异形词之词汇表现的文字(称为hozwārishn,"古语")。
巴列维文字的作品已被发现用于安息语、中古波斯语、粟特语、斯基啡亚语言以及于阗语等之方言或民族语言。[3]如果使用独立于巴列维文字系统的变体形式,那该变体语言的书面形式只有在具有上述之特征时才能称为符合巴列维文字的特征条件。
巴列维文字的综合特性则是
因此,巴列维文字可以被定义为一种应用于(但不是唯一的)特定语言群体的书写系统;但具有与该语言群体不同的关键特征。它具有一种独特的语言特征,但不单如此。可以说巴列维文字为一种专门的书面文字系统;但许多巴列维文学本质上仍然是一种致力于表现白话文学的写作形式,也因此巴列维文学保留了许多白话文学作品的特征。
注释
- ↑ "Pahlavi alphabet ." Encyclopedia Britannica. "Pahlavi alphabet, Pahlavi also spelled Pehlevi, writing system of the Persian people that dates from as early as the 2nd century BCE, some scholars believe, and was in use until the advent of Islam (7th century CE). "
- ↑ Geiger & Kuhn 2002,第249ff页.
- ↑ Kent 1953
参考文献
- Andreas, Friedrich Carl, Bruchstücke einer Pehlewi-Übersetzung der Psalmen aus der Sassanidenzeit, Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, Philosophisch-historische Klasse. (Berlin: PAW), 1910, XLI (4): 869–72 (德语)
- ———, The Parthians, Godrej, Pheroza J. (编), A Zoroastrian Tapestry, New York: Mapin, 2002
- Boyce, Mary, Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism, Chicago: UC Press, 1990
- Dhabar, Bamanji Nusserwanji, The Persian Rivayats of Hormazyar Framarz and others, Bombay: K. R. Cama Oriental Institute, 1932
- Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji, Zoroastrian Civilization, New York: OUP, 1922
- Henning, Walter B., Altiranisch. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Band IV: Iranistik. Erster Abschnitt. Linguistik, Leiden-Köln: Brill, 1958 (德语)
- Geiger, Wilhelm; Kuhn, Ernst (编), Grundriss der iranischen Philologie I.1, Boston: Adamant, 2002
- Gignoux, Philippe, Pahlavi Psalter, Encyclopedia Iranica, Costa Mesa: Mazda, 2002
- Kent, Roland G., Old Persian: Grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1950
- MacKenzie, D. N., A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, London: Curzon Press, 1971
- Mirza, Hormazdyar Kayoji, Literary treasures of the Zoroastrian priests, Godrej, Pheroza J. (编), A Zoroastrian Tapestry, New York: Mapin: 162–163, 2002
- Nyberg, Henrik Samuel, A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1974
- Menachery, Prof. George, Pahlavi Crosses of Kerala in Granite Objects in Kerala Churches, Glimpses of Nazraney Heritage, Ollur: SARAS – South Asia Research Assistance Services, 2005
- Weber, Dieter, Texts I: Ostraca, Papyri und Pergamente, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Part III: Pahlavi Inscriptions, IV. Ostraca, V. Papyri, London: SOAS, 1992
- West, Edward William, Pahlavi literature, Geiger, Wilhelm; Kuhn, Ernst (编), Grundriss der iranischen Philologie II, Stuttgart: Trübner, 1904
参阅
外部链接
语言与文学
- Pahlavi, Farvardyn, [2007-01-22]. Includes extracts from West and Kent.
- ISO 639‐3, SIL, [2021-09-17]: classification of Pahlavi.
- Bharuchī, SD; Bharucha, ESD, Part 1, Lessons in Pahlavi-Pazend (PDF) , The Internet Archive, 1908 and 2 (partly outdated).
- de Harlez, Charles, Manuel du Pehlevi des livres religieux et historiques de la Perse : Grammaire, anthologie, lexique [Manual of Pahlavi of Persian religious and historical books: grammar, anthology, lexic], The Internet Archive, 1880 (法语) (partly outdated).
- Middle Persian Pahlavi texts, TITUS, Uni Frankfurt, [2021-09-25].
书写文字
- Pahlavi script, [2007-01-23].
- Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh. N3286R2: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC. 2007-09-18 [2014-08-19].
- Pandey, Anshuman. L2/18-276: Preliminary proposal to encode Book Pahlavi in Unicode (PDF). 2018-08-26 [2021-09-17].
- Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh. N4040: Proposal for encoding the Psalter Pahlavi script in the SMP of the UCS (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC. 2011-05-06 [2014-08-19].
- Pournader, Roozbeh. L2/13-141: Preliminary proposal to encode the Book Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC. 2013-07-24 [2014-08-19]..
- Pahlavi fonts, The Ancient Iranian Font Project, St Catherine University, [2021-09-17].