神经质

神经质（英语：neuroticism，又译为情绪不稳定性），是心理学研究中一个基本的人格特质。情绪不稳定性测验得分高的人比一般人更容易情绪化、情绪波动大、且更常有以下这些情绪：焦虑、担忧、害怕、愤怒、挫折、羡慕、忌妒、罪恶感/内疚感、抑郁、和孤独感^[1]^[2]。他们的抗压性较差，且有可能将正常情况解释为威胁，将小挫折看成绝望的困难。他们通常自我为中心/自以为万众注目和害羞，并有可能难以控制冲动和延后让自己的欲望/需求被满足的时间。

高度神经质的人，其特质有可能在往后的人生中发展成为许多常见的精神疾病^[3] ^[4]，例如：忧郁症、恐惧症（phobia）、恐慌症（panic disorder）、其他焦虑症群（anxiety disorders）、和物质使用疾患（substance use disorder）－这些症状常被俗称为神经症（neuroses） ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] 。

情绪不稳定性与低情绪商数（EQ）相关，包括情绪调节，动机和人际关系技巧较低^[9]。

参考文献

↑ Jeronimus, B. F., Riese, H., Sanderman, R., Ormel, J. Mutual Reinforcement Between Neuroticism and Life Experiences: A Five-Wave, 16-Year Study to Test Reciprocal Causation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2014, 107 (4): 751–64.
↑ G. Matthews and Ian J. Deary. Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1998.
↑ Jeronimus B.F.; Kotov, R.; Riese, H.; Ormel, J. Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. Psychological Medicine. 2016, 46 (14): 2883–2906 [2016-08-19]. PMID 27523506. doi:10.1017/S0033291716001653.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ormel J.; Jeronimus, B.F.; Kotov, M.; Riese, H.; Bos, E.H.; Hankin, B. Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013, 33 (5): 686–697 [2016-08-19]. PMC 4382368 . PMID 23702592. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003.
↑ Hettema, J. M.; Neale, M. C.; Myers, J. M.; Prescott, C. A.; Kendler, K. S. A population-based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disorders. American journal of Psychiatry. 2006, 163 (5): 857–864. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.5.857.
↑ Personality correlates of male sexual arousal and behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior: 149–156. doi:10.1007/BF01541871. ^{[永久失效链接]}
↑ Carducci, Bernardo J. The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. 2009-02-20. ISBN 978-1-4051-3635-8.
↑ Leese, Peter. Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War. Palgrave MacMillan. 2014 [2014-09-30]. ISBN 978-1-137-45337-2.
↑ Daniel Goleman. Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam. 1997.

参见

[Jeronimus2014-1] Jeronimus, B. F., Riese, H., Sanderman, R., Ormel, J. Mutual Reinforcement Between Neuroticism and Life Experiences: A Five-Wave, 16-Year Study to Test Reciprocal Causation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2014, 107 (4): 751–64.

[2] G. Matthews and Ian J. Deary. Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1998.

[NeuroticismMA-3] Jeronimus B.F.; Kotov, R.; Riese, H.; Ormel, J. Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. Psychological Medicine. 2016, 46 (14): 2883–2906 [2016-08-19]. PMID 27523506. doi:10.1017/S0033291716001653.

[Ormel-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Ormel J.; Jeronimus, B.F.; Kotov, M.; Riese, H.; Bos, E.H.; Hankin, B. Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013, 33 (5): 686–697 [2016-08-19]. PMC 4382368 . PMID 23702592. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003.

[5] Hettema, J. M.; Neale, M. C.; Myers, J. M.; Prescott, C. A.; Kendler, K. S. A population-based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disorders. American journal of Psychiatry. 2006, 163 (5): 857–864. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.5.857.

[6] Personality correlates of male sexual arousal and behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior: 149–156. doi:10.1007/BF01541871. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[7] Carducci, Bernardo J. The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. 2009-02-20. ISBN 978-1-4051-3635-8.

[Leese2014-8] Leese, Peter. Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War. Palgrave MacMillan. 2014 [2014-09-30]. ISBN 978-1-137-45337-2.

[9] Daniel Goleman. Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam. 1997.

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