說明:德語國際音標

這個頁面是求聞百科上關於德語國際音標的發音指南。

下表為德語發音在求聞百科中用國際音標（IPA）表示的方式。另請參閱德語音系。

輔音
標準德語	奧地利德語	瑞士德語	舉例	英語近似發音	普通話拼音近似發音
b			bei^[1]	ball	濁音的b
ç			ich, durch; China (DE)	hue	無（發h音時將舌中部抬高）
d			dann^[1]	done	濁音的d
f			für, von	fuss	f
ɡ			gut^[1]	guest	濁音的g
h			hat	hut	無（發h音時將舌根降低）
j			Jahr	yard	y
k			kann, Tag^[2]	cold	k
l			Leben	last	l
l̩			Mantel	bottle	無
m			Mann	must	m
m̩			Atem	rhythm	無
n			Name	not	n
n̩			beiden	suddenly	無
ŋ			lang	long	ng
ŋ̍			wenigen	shock'ng (shocking的方言)	無
p			Person, ab^[2]	puck	p
pf			Pfeffer	cupful	無（p和f）
ʀ	r		reden^[3]	DE: French rouge AT, CH: far (蘇格蘭英語)	無（小舌音）
s			lassen, Haus, groß	fast	s
ʃ			schon, Stadt	shall	無（近似於sh，或翹舌的x）
t			Tag, und^[2]	tall	t
ts			Zeit, Platz	cats	c
tʃ			Matsch	match	無（近似於ch，或翹舌的q）
v			was^[1]	vanish	f的濁音
x			nach	loch	h
z			Sie, diese^[1]	hose	s的濁音
ʔ		beamtet^[4] ([bəˈʔamtət])	uh-oh!中的停頓
外來輔音
dʒ			Dschungel^[1]^[5]	jungle	無（近似於翹舌j）
ʒ			Genie^[1]^[5]	pleasure	無
重音
ˈ			Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/
ˌ			Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/

元音
標準德語	奧地利德語	瑞士德語	舉例	英語近似發音	普通話拼音近似發音
單元音
a			alles^[6]	art (no r-colouring)	a
aː			aber, sah^[6]	father	a
ɛ			Ende, hätte	bet	yuan
ɛː			spät, wählen^[7]	bed	yuan
eː			eben, gehen	pays (Scottish)	hei
ɪ			ist, bitte	sit	ya 舌中部抬高
iː			viel, Berlin	tea	i
ɔ			Osten, kommen	lot (RP and Australian)	o
oː			oder, hohe	law (RP and Australian)	o
œ			öffnen	roughly like hurt (no r-colouring)	無
øː			Österreich	roughly like herd (no r-colouring)	無
ʊ			und	took (Australian)	介於o和u，且開口大
uː			Hut	pool	u
ʏ			müssen	roughly like Scottish shoot	ü
yː			über	roughly like Scottish shoes	ü
雙元音
ae			ein	bite	ai
ao			auf	shout	ao
ɔø		ɔɪ	Euro, Häuser	loiter	無（o+i或o+ü）
元音弱化
ɐ		ər	immer^[3]	DE, AT: roughly like fun CH: butter (Scottish)	無
ə			Name	ago	近似於e
半元音
ɐ̯		r	Uhr^[3]	DE, AT: roughly like idea CH: far (Scottish)	無
i̯			Studie	yard	無
u̯			aktuell	would	無
外來元音
ãː			Gourmand^[8]	chanson (French pron., but long)	帶鼻音的a
ɛ̃ː			Pointe^[8]	vingt-et-un (French pron., but long)	yuan
õː			Garçon^[8]	chanson (French pron., but long)	帶鼻音的o
œ̃ː			Parfum^[8]	vingt-et-un (French pron., but long)	無
œːɐ̯			O₂ World^[9]	roughly like herd	無
短元音
a			Kalender^[6]^[10]	art (no r-colouring)
ã			engagieren^[8]	chanson (short [ãː])
ɛ̃			impair^[8]	vingt-et-un (short [ɛ̃ː])
e			Element^[10]	pace (Scottish)
i			Italien^[10]	teach
o			originell^[10]	force (RP and Australian)
õ			foncé^[8]	chanson (short [õː])
œ̃			Lundist^[8]	vingt-et-un (short [œ̃ː])
ø			Ökonom^[10]	roughly like hurt (no r-colouring)
u			Universität^[10]	truth
y			Psychologie^[10]	roughly like Scottish shoot

注釋

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 In Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German, the lenis obstruents /b, d, ɡ, z, dʒ, ʒ/ are voiceless [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, z̥, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊] and are distinguished from /p, t, k, s, tʃ, ʃ/ only by articulatory strength (/v/ is really voiced).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Injavascript:void() German Standard German, voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ are devoiced to [p, t, k] at the end of a syllable. 引用錯誤：無效的<ref>標籤；name屬性「devoicing」使用不同內容定義了多次引用錯誤：無效的<ref>標籤；name屬性「devoicing」使用不同內容定義了多次
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker.
↑ Initial vowels are usually preceded by [ʔ], except in Swiss Standard German.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Many speakers lack the lenis /ʒ/ and replace it with its fortis counterpart /ʃ/ (Hall (2003:42頁)).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Some scholars write [ɑː] for [aː], and [ɑ] for its shortened counterpart, thus differentiating between regular [a] and shortened [ɑ] (see e.g.
↑ In Northern Germany, /ɛː/ often merges with /eː/ to [eː].
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 ^8.7 The nasal vowels occur in French loans.
↑ [œːɐ̯] is the German rendering of the English Template:Smallcapital vowel /ɜːr/.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 ^10.6 [a, e, i, o, ø, u, y], the short versions of the long vowels [aː, eː, iː, oː, øː, uː, yː], are used at the end of unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur mainly in loanwords.

[fortislenis-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 In Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German, the lenis obstruents /b, d, ɡ, z, dʒ, ʒ/ are voiceless [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, z̥, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊] and are distinguished from /p, t, k, s, tʃ, ʃ/ only by articulatory strength (/v/ is really voiced).

[devoicing-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Injavascript:void() German Standard German, voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ are devoiced to [p, t, k] at the end of a syllable. 引用錯誤：無效的<ref>標籤；name屬性「devoicing」使用不同內容定義了多次引用錯誤：無效的<ref>標籤；name屬性「devoicing」使用不同內容定義了多次

[r-allophones-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker.

[4] Initial vowels are usually preceded by [ʔ], except in Swiss Standard German.

[postalveolarlenis-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Many speakers lack the lenis /ʒ/ and replace it with its fortis counterpart /ʃ/ (Hall (2003:42頁)).

[openvowels-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Some scholars write [ɑː] for [aː], and [ɑ] for its shortened counterpart, thus differentiating between regular [a] and shortened [ɑ] (see e.g.

[7] In Northern Germany, /ɛː/ often merges with /eː/ to [eː].

[nasalV-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 ^8.7 The nasal vowels occur in French loans.

[9] [œːɐ̯] is the German rendering of the English Template:Smallcapital vowel /ɜːr/.

[shorttense-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 ^10.6 [a, e, i, o, ø, u, y], the short versions of the long vowels [aː, eː, iː, oː, øː, uː, yː], are used at the end of unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur mainly in loanwords.

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