拟鸸鹋属

拟鸸鹋属; 化石时期：渐新世后期至中新世，25–10 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
生物分类法
域：	真核域 Eukaryota
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
亚门：	脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	鹤鸵目 Casuariiformes
科：	鸸鹋科 Dromaiidae
属：	†拟鸸鹋属 Emuarius; Boles, 1992
模式种
	小拟鸸鹋; Emuarius gidju; (Patterson & Rich, 1987)
物种
	小拟鸸鹋 E. gidju; (Patterson & Rich, 1987); ？宽跗拟鸸鹋 E. guljaruba; Boles, 2001;
异名
	小鸸鹋 Dromaius gidju; Patterson & Rich, 1987;

拟鸸鹋属（属名：Emuarius）是已灭绝的鹤鸵目平胸鸟类，生存于晚渐新世至中新世时期的澳大利亚中部，与较后期出现的现生鸸鹋相比，体型较小^[5]，两者同属于鸸鹋科^[6]或鹤鸵科鸸鹋亚科^[7]。本属包含小拟鸸鹋（E. gidju）与宽跗拟鸸鹋（E. guljaruba）两个物种，但有学者认为仅有跗跖骨被发现的宽跗拟鸸鹋可能是小拟鸸鹋的异名^[8]。

拟鸸鹋由于同时具有与现生的鹤鸵与鸸鹋相同，或介于两者之间的特征，被视为介于鹤鸵与鸸鹋这两个演化支的中间型^[5]。两种拟鸸鹋的跗跖骨都比生活于丛林的鹤鸵纤细，而比生活于开阔草原与灌木丛的鸸鹋粗，可能与适应更开放的开阔栖地有关；但拟鸸鹋跗跖骨远端的第II滑车（trochlea metatarsi II）比鹤鸵小，而比鸸鹋大，显示它们尚未发展出如同鸸鹋那样，为了需要经常奔跑的开阔环境而高度特化的生理结构^[1]^[2]。此外，化石相对较丰富的小拟鸸鹋，则还具有类似鸸鹋宽圆而较为扁平的上颌骨、构造与鹤鸵相似，比鸸鹋修长的股骨、形态与鸸鹋相似的足部等等^[5]。然而，尽管拟鸸鹋又像鹤鸵又像鸸鹋，系统发生学分析仍支持拟鸸鹋属于鸸鹋类，而非鹤鸵类的成员^[7]^[8]。

参考文献

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Boles, W. E. Hindlimb proportions and locomotion of Emuarius gidju (Patterson & Rich, 1987) (Aves: Casuariidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 1997, 41 (2): 235-240. ISSN 0079-8835.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Boles, W. E. A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation. Emu. 2001, 101 (4): 317-321. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1071/MU00052.
↑ Mao, X.; Retallack, G. Late Miocene drying of central Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019, 514: 292-304. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.008.
↑ Patterson, C.; Rich, P. V. The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae). Records of the South Australian Museum. 1987, 21: 85-117 [2021-01-09].
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Boles, W. E. Revision of Dromaius gidju Patterson and Rich, 1987 from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia, with a reassessment of its generic position. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series. 1992, 36: 195-208.
↑ Bourdon, E.; Ricqlès, A. D.; Cubo, J. A new Transantarctic relationship: morphological evidence for a Rheidae–Dromaiidae–Casuariidae clade (Aves, Palaeognathae, Ratitae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 156: 641-663. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1111/J.1096-3642.2008.00509.X.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Yates, A. M.; Worthy, T. H. A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (4): e1665057. ISSN 1937-2809. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1665057.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Worthy, T. H.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M. Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae. Integrative Zoology. 2014, 9 (2): 148-166. ISSN 1749-4869. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12050.

[Boles1997-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Boles, W. E. Hindlimb proportions and locomotion of Emuarius gidju (Patterson & Rich, 1987) (Aves: Casuariidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 1997, 41 (2): 235-240. ISSN 0079-8835.

[Boles2001-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Boles, W. E. A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation. Emu. 2001, 101 (4): 317-321. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1071/MU00052.

[Mao2019-3] Mao, X.; Retallack, G. Late Miocene drying of central Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019, 514: 292-304. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.008.

[Patterson1987-4] Patterson, C.; Rich, P. V. The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae). Records of the South Australian Museum. 1987, 21: 85-117 [2021-01-09].

[Boles1992-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Boles, W. E. Revision of Dromaius gidju Patterson and Rich, 1987 from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia, with a reassessment of its generic position. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series. 1992, 36: 195-208.

[Bourdon2009-6] Bourdon, E.; Ricqlès, A. D.; Cubo, J. A new Transantarctic relationship: morphological evidence for a Rheidae–Dromaiidae–Casuariidae clade (Aves, Palaeognathae, Ratitae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 156: 641-663. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1111/J.1096-3642.2008.00509.X.

[Yates2019-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Yates, A. M.; Worthy, T. H. A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (4): e1665057. ISSN 1937-2809. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1665057.

[Worthy2014-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Worthy, T. H.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M. Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae. Integrative Zoology. 2014, 9 (2): 148-166. ISSN 1749-4869. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12050.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]