血管活性腸肽（Vasoactive intestinal peptide），常簡稱VIP，屬於一種可促進腸道血管活性的肽類激素，由28個氨基酸殘基組成。本蛋白屬於升糖素/胰泌素超家族，為第二型G蛋白偶聯受體的配體[1]。VIP在許多脊椎動物身上皆存在，包含腸、胰臟，以及下丘腦視上核[2][3][4]。VIP能刺激心臟收縮力、血管舒張、增加糖原分解、降低動脈血壓，以及促進氣管、胃、膽囊平滑肌舒張。在人類體內，該蛋白的編碼基因為「VIP」[5]
參考文獻
參考文獻
- ↑ Umetsu Y, Tenno T, Goda N, Shirakawa M, Ikegami T, Hiroaki H. Structural difference of vasoactive intestinal peptide in two distinct membrane-mimicking environments. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2011-05, 1814 (5): 724–30. PMID 21439408. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.009.
- ↑ Juhász T, Helgadottir SL, Tamás A, Reglődi D, Zákány R. PACAP and VIP signaling in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Peptides. 2015-04, 66: 51–7. PMID 25701761. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.001.
- ↑ Delgado M, Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions. Amino Acids. 2013-07, 45 (1): 25–39. PMC 3883350
. PMID 22139413. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1184-8.
- ↑ Fahrenkrug J. VIP and PACAP. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 2010-01-01, 50: 221–34. PMID 19859678. doi:10.1007/400_2009_24.
- ↑ Hahm SH, Eiden LE. Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998-12, 865: 10–26. PMID 9927992.
- ↑ Henning RJ, Sawmiller DR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects. Cardiovascular Research. 2001-01, 49 (1): 27–37. PMID 11121793.
延伸閱讀
- Watanabe J. Subchapter 18E - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Handbook of Hormones (Academic Press). 2016-01-01: 150–e18E–10. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801028-0.00146-x.
- Fahrenkrug J. Gut/brain peptides in the genital tract: VIP and PACAP. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum. 2001, 234: 35–9. PMID 11713978.
- Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacological Reviews. 2004-06, 56 (2): 249–90. PMID 15169929. doi:10.1124/pr.56.2.7.
- Conconi MT, Spinazzi R, Nussdorfer GG. Endogenous ligands of PACAP/VIP receptors in the autocrine-paracrine regulation of the adrenal gland. International Review of Cytology. 2006, 249: 1–51. ISBN 978-0-12-364653-8. PMID 16697281. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)49001-X.
- Hill JM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in neurodevelopmental disorders: therapeutic potential. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2007, 13 (11): 1079–89. PMID 17430171. doi:10.2174/138161207780618975.
- Gonzalez-Rey E, Varela N, Chorny A, Delgado M. Therapeutical approaches of vasoactive intestinal peptide as a pleiotropic immunomodulator. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2007, 13 (11): 1113–39. PMID 17430175. doi:10.2174/138161207780618966.
- Glowa JR, Panlilio LV, Brenneman DE, Gozes I, Fridkin M, Hill JM. Learning impairment following intracerebral administration of the HIV envelope protein gp120 or a VIP antagonist. Brain Research. 1992-01, 570 (1-2): 49–53. PMID 1617429. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90562-n.
- Theriault Y, Boulanger Y, St-Pierre S. Structural determination of the vasoactive intestinal peptide by two-dimensional H-NMR spectroscopy. Biopolymers. 1991-03, 31 (4): 459–64. PMID 1863695. doi:10.1002/bip.360310411.
- Gozes I, Giladi E, Shani Y. Vasoactive intestinal peptide gene: putative mechanism of information storage at the RNA level. Journal of Neurochemistry. 1987-04, 48 (4): 1136–41. PMID 2434617. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05638.x.
- Yamagami T, Ohsawa K, Nishizawa M, Inoue C, Gotoh E, Yanaihara N, Yamamoto H, Okamoto H. Complete nucleotide sequence of human vasoactive intestinal peptide/PHM-27 gene and its inducible promoter. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988, 527: 87–102. PMID 2839091. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26975.x.
- DeLamarter JF, Buell GN, Kawashima E, Polak JM, Bloom SR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: expression of the prohormone in bacterial cells. Peptides. 1985,. 6 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 95–102. PMID 2995945. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90016-6.
- Linder S, Barkhem T, Norberg A, Persson H, Schalling M, Hökfelt T, Magnusson G. Structure and expression of the gene encoding the vasoactive intestinal peptide precursor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1987-01, 84 (2): 605–9. PMC 304259 . PMID 3025882. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.2.605.
- Gozes I, Bodner M, Shani Y, Fridkin M. Structure and expression of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene in a human tumor. Peptides. 1986,. 7 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 1–6. PMID 3748844. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(86)90156-7.
- Tsukada T, Horovitch SJ, Montminy MR, Mandel G, Goodman RH. Structure of the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene. Dna. 1985-08, 4 (4): 293–300. PMID 3899557. doi:10.1089/dna.1985.4.293.
- Heinz-Erian P, Dey RD, Flux M, Said SI. Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients. Science. 1985-09, 229 (4720): 1407–8. PMID 4035357. doi:10.1126/science.4035357.
