富拉語 | |
---|---|
Fula, Fulani, Fulah, Peul | |
Fulfulde 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 Pulaar 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 Pular 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 | |
母语国家和地区 | 毛里塔尼亞、塞内加尔、馬里、畿內亞、布基纳法索、尼日尔、尼日利亞、喀麦隆、岡比亞、乍得、塞拉利昂、贝宁、几内亚比紹、蘇丹、中非共和國、科特迪瓦、加納、多哥 |
区域 | 萨赫勒 |
族群 | 富拉尼人 |
母语使用人数 | 2400萬[1](2007年) |
語系 | |
文字 | 拉丁字母 阿德拉姆文字 阿拉伯文字(阿雅米文字) |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-1 | ff |
ISO 639-2 | ful |
ISO 639-3 | 分別為:ful – Fulah (generic)fub – Adamawa Fulfuldefui – Bagirmi Fulfuldefue – Borgu Fulfuldefuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfuldeffm – Maasina Fulfuldefuv – Nigerian Fulfuldefuc – Pulaarfuf – Pular languagefuh – Western Niger Fulfulde |
Glottolog | fula1264 [2] |
使用富拉語的主要和周边地区 |
富拉語(英语:Fula language,一作Fulani,法语:peul)是一种西非语言,主要是從塞內岡比亞(Senegambia)、畿內亞至喀麦隆、蘇丹一帶的富拉人使用,屬於尼日尔-剛果语系的大西洋-剛果語族分支。
書寫系統
現時富拉語多以拉丁字母書寫,但一些地区如几內亞仍維持殖民地時代前以阿拉伯字母書寫系統、以及另一套叫做「Adlam」的傳統民族语言書寫系統。
富拉語拉丁字母
a, aa, b, mb, ɓ, c, d, nd, ɗ, e, ee, f, g, ng, h, i, ii, j, nj, k, l, m, n, ŋ, ny (or ñ or ɲ), o, oo, p, r, s, t, u, uu, w, y, ƴ
字母q、x和z在外來語的字中使用,几內亞使用一個新增字母 ɠ。
富拉語拉丁字母 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | Mb | Ɓ | C | D | Nd | Ɗ | E | F | G | Ng | H | I | J | Nj | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | Ɲ | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Ƴ | ' |
小寫 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | mb | ɓ | c | d | nd | ɗ | e | f | g | ng | h | i | j | nj | k | l | m | n | ŋ | ɲ | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | y | ƴ | ' |
IPA音值 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | mb | ɓ | tʃ | d | nd | ɗ | e | f | g | nɡ | h | i | dʒ | ndʒ | k | l | m | n | ŋ | ɲ | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | j | ʔʲ | ʔ |
註釋
- ↑ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Fula. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
參考文獻
- Arnott, D.W. The Nominal and Verbal Systems of Fula. London: Oxford University Press, 1970. Print.
- McIntosh, Mary. Fulfude Syntax and Verbal Morphology. London: St Edmundsbury Press Lt, 1984. Print.
- Paradis, Carole. Lexical Phonology and Morphology: The Nominal Classes in Fula. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc, 1992. Print.
- Wilson, W. A. A. (1989). Atlantic. In John Bendor-Samuel (Ed.), The Niger–Congo Languages, pp. 81–104.
- Grammar of the Fulde Language: With an Appendix of Some Original Traditions and Portions of Scripture Translated Into Fulde: Together with Eight Chapters of the Book of Genesis. Church Missionary House. 1876.
- Grammar of the Fulde Language: With an Appendix of Some Original Traditions and Portions of Scripture Translated Into Fulde: Together with Eight Chapters of the Book of Genesis. Church Missionary House. 1876.
參見
外部連結
- Fulfulde Ajami script how to
- Fula- Language Gulper
- fulfulde app on googleplay
- Fulfulde Language Family Report (SIL) – includes maps of the dialects
- D. W. Arnott. The Nominal and Verbal Systems of Fula General Introduction webPulaaku
- Listen to a sample of Adamawa Fulfulde from Global Recordings Network
- Adlam alphabet