壯傣語支 | |
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地理分佈 | 華南(廣西、貴州、雲南及廣東)、東南亞 |
譜系學分類 | 壯侗語系
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分支 |
其餘南方壯語與傣泰語言等
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語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-2 / 5 | tai |
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壯傣語支(又稱傣語支、台語支、壯傣語支、泰語支、壯台語支)是壯侗語系侗台語族中的一個語支,即漢藏語系傳統分類中壯侗語族壯傣語支的語言。包括壯語、布依語、傣語(在中國境內)、泰語、老撾語、撣語、岱依語、儂語、坎底語、阿豪姆語(均不在中國境內)等。說台語的民族統稱台語民族。
譜系
以下分類是泰國人張高峰(泰語:พิทยาวัฒน์ พิทยาภรณ์,轉寫:Bidayaːwȃḍhan̶a̶ Bidayaːbharaṇ̶a̶,派汶拼音:Pít-tá-yaa-wát Pít-tá-yaa-pɔɔn)在其2009年博士論文中基於比較語言學共同創新給出的分類,排除考慮區域特徵影響,不代表各個口語的實際相似度。張高峰將李方桂的壯傣語中支以及邕南壯語和左江壯語區分開來,並通過計算認為其為多系群,但並不是說中部台語支或壯語南部方言、邕南壯語和左江壯語等概念沒有語言學意義。[來源請求]邕北壯語、壯語北部方言或壯傣語北支在除去過度方言武鳴壯語(卽標準壯語)後仍為單系群。[1]
壯傣語 (張高峰 田野調查) |
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艾傑瑞(英語:Jerold Alan Edmondson)2013年的譜系中則給出了更貼近方言學的比較語言學結果,寧明左江壯語被重新歸入中支中的壯語南部方言主體。
壯傣語 |
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原始台語和語音演變
方言分類
自李方桂先生起的研究完善了壯傣語支的傳統分類模式,很多早期的分類在一定程度上受方言學影響,不一定嚴格符合當代比較語言學識別出的共同創新,但能較好地反應方言間的差異程度。以下是臨高-壯傣語群的的完整列表,另請參見壯語條目和傣語條目來獲得更細緻的方言學分類。
- 臨高語(Ong Be)(onb)(中國)
- 北部台語支
- 石語(Saek)(skb)(老撾、泰國)
- 傣幼語(Yoy)(yoy) (泰國、老撾)
- 傣曼語(Tai Mene/Tai Yo)(tmp)(老撾、泰國、越南、柬埔寨)
- 傣包語(Tai Hang Tong/Tai Pao)(thc)(tpo)(越南、老撾)
- 布依語 (Bou Yai/布耶)(pcc) (中國、越南)
- 桂北壯語(Bou Yai/布耶)(zgb)(中國)
- 桂邊壯語(Bou Yai/布耶)(zgn)(中國)
- 邱北壯語(Bou Yai/布耶)(zqe)(中國)
- 右江壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zyj)(中國)
- 邕北壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zyb)(中國)
- 中紅水河壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zch)(中國)
- 東紅水河壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zeh)(中國)
- 柳江壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zlj)(中國)
- 柳黔壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zlq)(中國)
- 連山壯語(Bou Cueng/布壯)(zln)(中國)
- 西南部台語支
死語。
舉例
詞彙 | 泰語 | 老撾語 | 蘭納語 | 伊善語 | 撣語 | 傣仂語 | 壯語 |
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風 | /lom/ | /lóm/ | /lom/ | /lom/ | /lom4/ | /lom/ | /lɔm2/ |
城 | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɤŋ4/ | /mœŋ/ | /mɯ:ŋ2/ |
陸 | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /lǐn1/ | /din/ | /ʔdin1-2/ |
火 | /fai/ | /fái/ | /fai/ | /fai/ | /pʰaj4/ or /fai4/ | /fai/ | /fɐj2/ |
心臟 | /hŭa tɕai/ | /hǔa cài/ | /hua tɕai/ | /hua tɕai/ | /ho1 tsaɯ1/ | /hua tɕai/ | /tsɐɯ1/ |
愛 | /rák/ | /hāk/ | /hag/ | /hag/ | /hak5/ | /hag/ | /ʔdi:p6/ |
水 | /náːm/ | /nȃm/ | /nam/ | /nam/ | /nam5/ | /nam/ | /nɐm4/ |
參考文獻
- ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. The Phonology of Proto-Tai. PhD dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.
- Ostapirat W (2000). "Proto-Kra." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1).
延伸閱讀
- Brown, J. Marvin. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects. Bangkok: Social Science Association Press of Thailand, 1965.
- Chamberlain, James R. A New Look at the Classification of the Tai Languages. [s.l: s.n, 1972.
- Conference on Tai Phonetics and Phonology, Jimmy G. Harris, and Richard B. Noss. Tai Phonetics and Phonology. [Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 1972.
- Diffloth, Gérard. An Appraisal of Benedict's Views on Austroasiatic and Austro-Thai Relations. Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1976.
- Đoàn, Thiện Thuật. Tay-Nung Language in the North Vietnam. [Tokyo?]: Instttute [sic] for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1996.
- Gedney, William J. On the Thai Evidence for Austro-Thai. [S.l: s.n, 1976.
- Gedney, William J., and Robert J. Bickner. Selected Papers on Comparative Tai Studies. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 29. Ann Arbor, Mich., USA: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. ISBN 0-89148-037-4
- Gedney, William J., Carol J. Compton, and John F. Hartmann. Papers on Tai Languages, Linguistics, and Literatures: In Honor of William J. Gedney on His 77th Birthday. Monograph series on Southeast Asia. [De Kalb]: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ISBN 1-877979-16-3
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. (1995). William J. Gedney's central Tai dialects: glossaries, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 43. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan ISBN 0-89148-075-7
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's the Yay Language: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-066-8
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's Southwestern Tai Dialects: Glossaries, Texts and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 42. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1994. ISBN 0-89148-074-9
- Hudak, Thomas John. William J. Gedney's The Tai Dialect of Lungming: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 39. [Ann Arbor]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-067-6
- Li, Fang-kuei. 1977. Handbook of Comparative Tai. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai』i Press.
- Li, Fang-kuei. The Tai Dialect of Lungchow; Texts, Translations, and Glossary. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940.
- Østmoe, Arne. A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle. Sino-Platonic papers, no. 64. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
- Sathāban Sūn Phāsā Qangkrit. Bibliography of Tai Language Studies. [Bangkok]: Indigenous Languages of Thailand Research Project, Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, 1977.
- Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon–Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
- Tingsabadh, Kalaya and Arthur S. Abramson. Essays in Tai Linguistics. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2001. ISBN 974-347-222-3
外部連結
- SEAlang Library
- Comparative Tai–Kadai Swadesh vocabulary lists (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- ABVD: Proto-Tai word list
- ABVD: Proto-Southwestern Tai word list