单倍群N-M231

求闻百科，共笔求闻
单倍群N
起源时间36,800 [95% CI 34,300–39,300] (YFull)

41,900 [95% CI 40,175-43,591] ybp[1][2][3]
共祖年代21,700 [95% CI 19,500–23,900] ybp (YFull[1])

25,313 [95% CI 21,722-28,956] ybp[3]
起源地东亚南部[4][5]
上游单倍群NO
对应突变M231

单倍群N-M231是一个Y染色体DNA单倍群，与单倍群O共同源自单倍群NO，主要分布于欧亚大陆最北部的乌拉尔人、雅库特人、尤卡吉尔人等，起源于东亚南部。[4][6]

起源

单倍群N约3-4万年前分化出来。[1][3]

单倍群N的历史迁移[6]

分布

民族的单倍群N比例 地区
涅涅茨人 97.3% [7] 北亚
恩加纳桑人 92.1% [7] 北亚
雅库特人 88.4% [7] 北亚
乌德穆尔特人 85.1% （Tambets 2004） 东欧
汉特人 28.6% [8]-80.6%（Karafet 2018） 北亚
科米人 33.3% （Kharkov 2012）-79.5% （Karafet 2018） 东欧
芬兰人 63.2% （Tambets 2004） 北欧
科里亚克族 33.3%（Karafet 2018）-59.2% （Lell 2001） 北亚
马里人 50.0% [9] 东欧
萨米人47.2% （Tambets 2004） 北欧
爱沙尼亚人 40.6% [9] 东欧
尤卡吉尔人 31% [10] 北亚
拉脱维亚人30% （Karafet 2005） 东欧
楚瓦什人 27.8%[11] 东欧
立陶宛人 25% （Purps 2014） 东欧
铁列乌特人 25.0% （Karafet 2018） 北亚
图瓦族 23.9% [12] 北亚
布里亚特人 20.2% [12] 北亚
鄂温克族 19.8% [7] 北亚
俄罗斯人 18.0% [9] 东欧
赫哲族 17.8% （Xue 2006） 东亚
锡伯族 17.1% [13] 东亚
瑞典人 14.4% [14] 北欧
鄂温人 12.9% [7] 北亚
哈尼族 11.8% （Xue 2006） 东亚
南阿尔泰人 11.5% [15] 北亚
蒙古族 10.6% （Xue 2006） 东亚
卡尔梅克人 10.4% [16] 东欧
彝族 10.0% [17] 东亚
北阿尔泰人 10.0% [15] 北亚
达斡尔族 7.7% （Xue 2006） 东亚
满族 7.1% [18] 东亚
汉族 6.8% [19] 东亚
鄂伦春族 6.5% （Xue 2006） 东亚
乌尔奇人 5.8% [20] 北亚
朝鲜人 5.5% [21] 东亚
乌克兰人 5.4% [22] 东欧
哈萨克族 5.3% （Ashirbekov 2017） 中亚
维吾尔族 5.0% [23] 东亚
土耳其人 4.0% [24] 西亚
藏族 3.5% [25] 东亚
苗族 3.3% [26] 东亚
越南人 2.9% [27] 东南亚
壮族 2.9% [28] 东亚
挪威人 2.0% [29] 北欧
柯尔克孜族 1.9% [30] 中亚
日本人 1.3% [31] 东亚

系统树

以下系统树主要基于ISOGG于2017年的分类。

  • NO-M214(NO)
    • N-M231(N)
      • N-Z4762/CTS11499/L735/M2291(N1)
        • N-L729(N1a)
          • N-M46/Page70/Tat(N1a1)
            • N-M178(N1a1a)
              • N-F1419(N1a1a1)
                • N-L708/Z1951(N1a1a1a)
                  • N-P298(N1a1a1a1)
                    • N-M2118(N1a1a1a1b)
                      • N-M2118*(N1a1a1a1b)
                      • N-M1982(N1a1a1a1b1)
                      • N-A9408(N1a1a1a1b2)
                    • N-L392(N1a1a1a1a)
                      • N-CTS10760(N1a1a1a1a1)
                        • N-B479(N1a1a1a1a1c)
                        • N-PH1266/Y28526/F4134(N1a1a1a1a1b)
                        • N-CTS2929/VL29(N1a1a1a1a1a)
                          • N-Z4908(N1a1a1a1a1a1)
                            • N-L550/S431(N1a1a1a1a1a1a)
                              • N-B215/L1025(N1a1a1a1a1a1a1)
                          • N-CTS9976(N1a1a1a1a1a2)
                      • N-Z1936(N1a1a1a1a2)
                        • N-Z1928/CTS2733(N1a1a1a1a2a)
                          • N-Z1925(N1a1a1a1a2a)
                            • N-Z1926(N1a1a1a1a2a2a1a1)
                          • N-PH3340/Y13850(N1a1a1a1a2a1c)
                            • N-L1034(N1a1a1a1a2a1c1)
                            • N-Y24361(N1a1a1a1a2a1c2)
                      • N-B197/Y16323(N1a1a1a1a3)
                        • N-F4205(N1a1a1a1a3a)
                        • N-B202(N1a1a1a1a3b)
                  • N-B211(N1a1a1a2)
                    • N-BY10355(N1a1a1a2a)
                      • N-B180(N1a1a1a2a1)
                      • N-BY10361/Y23469(N1a1a1a2a2)
                    • N-B181(N1a1a1a2b)
                      • N-CTS4556(N1a1a1a2b1)
                      • N-B229(N1a1a1a2b2)
                        • N-B230(N1a1a1a2b2a)
                        • N-B231(N1a1a1a2b2b)
              • N-Y24317(N1a1a1a2b2b)
                • N-B187(N1a1a2)
              • N-F4063/P83(N1a1a3)
                • N-Y9641.2/Z8835.2(N1a1a3a)
                • N-Y125664(N1a1a3b)
          • N-F1008/L666(N1a2)
            • N-M128(N1a2a)
              • N-F710(N1a2a1)
              • N-CTS1350(N1a2a2)
            • N-B523(N1a2b）
              • N-P63(N1a2b1)
                • N-B168(N1a2b1a)
                • N-B169(N1a2b1b)
                  • N-B170(N1a2b1b1)
                  • N-B175(N1a2b1b2)
              • N-FGC10872/Y3195(N1a2b2)
                • N-FGC10847/Y3185(N1a2b2a)
                  • N-VL97/Z35068(N1a2b2a1)
                • N-Y23786(N1a2b2b)
                  • N-B528/Y24384(N1a2b2b1)
              • N-B525(N1a2b3)
        • N-F2930/M1881/V3743(N1b)
          • N-CTS582(N1b1)
            • N-Y6374/Z8029(N1b1a)
              • N-CTS7324(N1b1a1)
                • N-CTS142(N1b1a1a)
                • N-CTS39(N1b1a1b)
              • N-L272(N1b1a2)
                • N-CTS304(N1b1a2a)
                • N-F4208(N1b1a2b)
                  • N-Y15972(N1b1a2b1)
            • N-CTS962(N1b1b)
              • N-CTS1016(N1b1b1)
          • N-M1819(N1b2)
      • N-Y6503(N2)

其他

人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群进化树

Y染色体最近共同祖先
A
A1b A1a-T
A1a A2-T
A2 A3 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
O N Q R

各族群Y染色体单倍型类群 · 著名的Y染色体单倍型类群人

参考文献

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 https://www.yfull.com/tree/N/.  外部链接存在于|title= (帮助)
  2. ↑ G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Reidla, Maere; Chukhryaeva, Marina; Järve, Mari; Post, Helen; Karmin, Monika; Saag, Lauri; Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya; Kushniarevich, Alena. Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2016-07-07, 99 (1): 163–173. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5005449 可免费查阅. PMID 27392075. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.025. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup N. isogg.org. [2020-01-15]. 
  5. ↑ （Rootsi 2006）
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Shi, H; Qi, X; Zhong, H; Peng, Y; Zhang, X; et al. Genetic Evidence of an East Asian Origin and Paleolithic Northward Migration of Y-chromosome Haplogroup N. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8 (6): e66102. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866102S. PMC 3688714 可免费查阅. PMID 23840409. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066102. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Tambets, Kristiina et al. 2004, The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes
  8. ↑ Mirabal S, Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Verbenko DA, et al. Y-chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2009-10, 17 (10): 1260–73. PMC 2986641 可免费查阅. PMID 19259129. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, Adojaan M, Alavantic D, Amorim A, et al. Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2000-12, 67 (6): 1526–43. PMC 1287948 可免费查阅. PMID 11078479. doi:10.1086/316890. 
  10. ↑ Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013) Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
  11. ↑ Tambets K, Rootsi S, Kivisild T, Help H, Serk P, Loogväli EL, et al. The western and eastern roots of the Saami--the story of genetic "outliers" told by mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2004-04, 74 (4): 661–82. PMC 1181943 可免费查阅. PMID 15024688. doi:10.1086/383203. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
  13. ↑ Hua Zhong, Hong Shi, Xue-Bin Qi, Zi-Yuan Duan, Ping-Ping Tan, Li Jin, Bing Su, and Runlin Z. Ma (2011), "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route." Mol. Biol. Evol. 28(1):717–727. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247
  14. ↑ Lappalainen T, Laitinen V, Salmela E, Andersen P, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, Lahermo P. Migration waves to the Baltic Sea region. Annals of Human Genetics. 2008-05, 72 (Pt 3): 337–48. PMID 18294359. S2CID 32079904. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Khar'kov, VN; Stepanov, VA; Medvedeva, OF; Spiridonova, MG; Voevoda, MI; Tadinova, VN; Puzyrev, VP. Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups. Genetika. 2007, 43 (5): 675–87. PMID 17633562. doi:10.1134/S1022795407050110. 
  16. ↑ Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Khoyt, Sanj; Woźniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Zakharov, Ilya. Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels. Journal of Human Genetics. 2013-12, 58 (12): 804–811. ISSN 1434-5161. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108 （英语）. 
  17. ↑ https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/tWqTdMe07NRIdoM3jKLnLA
  18. ↑ http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTYyNTM3Ng==&mid=2247487649&idx=1&sn=c989032bdbe24865a717e8edb43992a1&chksm=90bdd96ea7ca50789855d4e5e6cfed5e154bdc78f7816b349e22e6c7b397aa8c376eef666bdc&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=08271GFrLychDIkhe4qxMB7G&sharer_sharetime=1630062432721&sharer_shareid=97a6f56860e912b026c061aecbc9f4aa#rd
  19. ↑ Hua Zhong, Hong Shi, Xue-Bin Qi, Zi-Yuan Duan, Ping-Ping Tan, Li Jin, Bing Su, and Runlin Z. Ma (2011), "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route."
  20. ↑ E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, et al. (2018), "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." Russian Journal of Genetics, 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. ISSN 1022-7954.
  21. ↑ Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
  22. ↑ Kushniarevich A, Utevska O, Chuhryaeva M, Agdzhoyan A, Dibirova K, Uktveryte I, et al. Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (9): e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. PMC 4558026 可免费查阅. PMID 26332464. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820. 
  23. ↑ Lu Yan (2011), "Genetic Mixture of Populations in Western China." Shanghai: Fudan University, 2011: 1-84. (Doctoral dissertation in Chinese: 陆艳, “中国西部人群的遗传混合”, 上海：复旦大学，2011: 1-84.)
  24. ↑ Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, Kalfoğlu E, Atasoy S, Cavalleri GL, et al. Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia. Human Genetics. 2004-01, 114 (2): 127–48. PMID 14586639. S2CID 10763736. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. 
  25. ↑ https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/B1No1ctDT7SsC2H4_WRvsQ
  26. ↑ https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Zm2OcPj_x9KYmvPOEp3bqQ
  27. ↑ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
  28. ↑ https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PDQ0UlaCdFkx-AZg1XLiLw
  29. ↑ British Isles DNA Project. 
  30. ↑ Wells, Spencer et al. 2001, The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
  31. ↑ Youichi Sato et al. 2014, Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males J-STAGEトップ/Anthropological Science/122 卷 (2014) 3 号/书志/全文 The Anthropological Society of Nippon
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