1989年洛馬普里塔地震

**1989年洛馬普里塔地震**
	奧克蘭倒塌的雙層大橋
日期	1989年10月17日
發生時間	10:04:15 UTC（17:04:15 PDT
持續時間	8－15秒
震級	6.9 Mw
震源深度	12 mi（19 km）
震央	37°02′N 121°53′W / 37.04°N 121.88°W
類型	斜滑斷層
影響地區	美國三藩市灣區中央海岸
損失	$56－60億美元
最大烈度	IX
最大加速度	0.65g（在震央）
海嘯	有
山體滑坡	1,000–4,000
前震	1988年6月27日：5.3 ML; 1989年8月8日：5.4 ML
傷亡	死亡63人; 受傷3,757人

1989年洛馬普里塔地震（英語：1989 Loma Prieta earthquake）是1989年10月17日當地時間下午5時4分在北加利福尼亞發生的地震，震央位於聖塔克魯茲東北面約10英哩、尼森·馬克斯森林州立公園內一段聖安德烈亞斯斷層。該州立公園以鄰近的聖塔克魯茲山脈的洛馬普里塔峰命名。地震烈度達到矩震級6.9級，最高達到麥加利地震烈度IX級，導致63人死亡、3,757人受傷。聖安德烈斷層的洛馬普里塔段自1906年三藩市大地震以來不甚活躍，直至1988年6月和1989年8月的兩次前震。

聖塔克魯茲縣遭到嚴重破壞，而南面的蒙特雷縣也造成一定程度破壞，但一直影響北至三藩市灣區，包括三藩市半島以及海灣對岸的奧克蘭。地震也導致土壤液化，尤其受嚴重破壞的海港區。但影響在東灣以及蒙特雷灣海岸亦可見，同時出現了非破壞性的海嘯。

參見

參考資料

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office: 98, 99, 180–186, 1993
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Clough, G. W.; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L., The geotechnical aspects, Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake, National Academies Press: 29–46, 1994, ISBN 978-0309050302
↑ Housner 1990，第19–23頁
↑ Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H., The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake –Faulting or slumping– (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union), 1991, 18 (4): 637–640 [2017-08-24], Bibcode:1991GeoRL..18..637M, doi:10.1029/91gl00818
↑ Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D., Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake (PDF), Science of Tsunami Hazards (Tsunami Society), 2009, 28 (5): 255–271 [2017-08-24]
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Perfettini, H.; Stein, R. S.; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M., Stress transfer by the 1988–1989 M = 5.3 and 5.4 Lake Elsman foreshocks to the Loma Prieta fault: Unclamping at the site of peak mainshock slip (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (Wiley), 1999, 104 (B9): 20,169, 20,173, 20,174 [2018-04-10], Bibcode:1999JGR...10420169P, doi:10.1029/1999JB900092
↑ Bolt, B., Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One Fifth, W. H. Freeman and Company: 10–14, 293–297, 2005, ISBN 978-0716775485

來源

Bonilla, M. G., Geologic and historical factors affecting earthquake damage, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failures, United States Government Printing Office, 1992 [2017-08-24]
Dietz, L. D.; Ellsworth, W. L., Aftershocks of the Loma Prieta earthquake and their tectonic implications, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Aftershocks and Postseismic Effects, USGS Professional Paper 1550-D, Earthquake Occurrence, United States Government Printing Office, 1997 [2017-08-24]
Fradkin, Philip L. Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and Life Along the San Andreas Fault, University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-22119-2
Housner, G. W., Competing Against Time – Report to Governor George Deukmejian from The Governor's Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), State of California, Office of Planning and Research, 1990 [2017-08-24]
McDonnell, J. A., Response to the Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), United States Government Printing Office, 1993 [2017-08-24], ISBN 0-16-041730-9
Palm, Risa; Michael E. Hodgson. After a California Earthquake: Attitude and Behavior Change, University Of Chicago Press, 1992. ISBN 0-226-64499-5
Sims, J. D.; Garvin, C. D., Observations of multiple liquefaction events at Soda Lake, California, during the earthquake and its aftershocks, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Liquefaction, USGS Professional Paper 1551-B, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failure, United States Government Printing Office: 151–163, 1998 [2017-08-24]
Yashinsky, M., The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Highway Systems, USGS Professional Paper 1552-B, Performance of the Built Environment, United States Government Printing Office: 1–191, 1998 [2017-08-24]

外部連結

Template:1989年地震

[Stover-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office: 98, 99, 180–186, 1993

[Clough-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Clough, G. W.; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L., The geotechnical aspects, Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake, National Academies Press: 29–46, 1994, ISBN 978-0309050302

[competing-3] Housner 1990，第19–23頁

[Ma-4] Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H., The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake –Faulting or slumping– (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union), 1991, 18 (4): 637–640 [2017-08-24], Bibcode:1991GeoRL..18..637M, doi:10.1029/91gl00818

[Breaker-5] Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D., Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake (PDF), Science of Tsunami Hazards (Tsunami Society), 2009, 28 (5): 255–271 [2017-08-24]

[Perfettini-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Perfettini, H.; Stein, R. S.; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M., Stress transfer by the 1988–1989 M = 5.3 and 5.4 Lake Elsman foreshocks to the Loma Prieta fault: Unclamping at the site of peak mainshock slip (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (Wiley), 1999, 104 (B9): 20,169, 20,173, 20,174 [2018-04-10], Bibcode:1999JGR...10420169P, doi:10.1029/1999JB900092

[Bolt-7] Bolt, B., Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One Fifth, W. H. Freeman and Company: 10–14, 293–297, 2005, ISBN 978-0716775485

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