 奥克兰倒塌的双层大桥 | |
| 日期 | 1989年10月17日 |
|---|---|
| 发生时间 | 10:04:15 UTC（17:04:15 PDT [1] |
| 持续时间 | 8－15秒[2] |
| 震级 | 6.9 Mw [2] |
| 震源深度 | 12 mi（19 km） [1] |
| 震中 | 37°02′N 121°53′W / 37.04°N 121.88°W [1] |
| 类型 | 斜滑断层 |
| 影响地区 |  美国旧金山湾区中央海岸 |
| 损失 | $56－60亿美元[1][3] |
| 最大烈度 | IX [1] |
| 最大加速度 | 0.65g（在震中）[2] |
| 海啸 | 有[4][5] |
| 山体滑坡 | 1,000–4,000 [1][2] |
| 前震 | 1988年6月27日：5.3 ML[6] 1989年8月8日：5.4 ML[6] |
| 伤亡 | 死亡63人 受伤3,757人[1][7] |
1989年洛马普里塔地震（英语：1989 Loma Prieta earthquake）是1989年10月17日当地时间下午5时4分在北加利福尼亚发生的地震，震中位于圣塔克鲁兹东北面约10英哩、尼森·马克斯森林州立公园内一段圣安德烈亚斯断层。该州立公园以邻近的圣塔克鲁兹山脉的洛马普里塔峰命名。地震烈度达到矩震级6.9级，最高达到麦加利地震烈度IX级，导致63人死亡、3,757人受伤。圣安德烈断层的洛马普里塔段自1906年旧金山大地震以来不甚活跃，直至1988年6月和1989年8月的两次前震。
圣塔克鲁兹县遭到严重破坏，而南面的蒙特雷县也造成一定程度破坏，但一直影响北至旧金山湾区，包括旧金山半岛以及海湾对岸的奥克兰。地震也导致土壤液化，尤其受严重破坏的海港区。但影响在东湾以及蒙特雷湾海岸亦可见，同时出现了非破坏性的海啸。
参见
参考资料
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office: 98, 99, 180–186, 1993
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Clough, G. W.; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L., The geotechnical aspects, Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake, National Academies Press: 29–46, 1994, ISBN 978-0309050302
- ↑ Housner 1990，第19–23页
- ↑ Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H., The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake –Faulting or slumping– (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union), 1991, 18 (4): 637–640 [2017-08-24], Bibcode:1991GeoRL..18..637M, doi:10.1029/91gl00818
- ↑ Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D., Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake (PDF), Science of Tsunami Hazards (Tsunami Society), 2009, 28 (5): 255–271 [2017-08-24]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Perfettini, H.; Stein, R. S.; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M., Stress transfer by the 1988–1989 M = 5.3 and 5.4 Lake Elsman foreshocks to the Loma Prieta fault: Unclamping at the site of peak mainshock slip (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (Wiley), 1999, 104 (B9): 20,169, 20,173, 20,174 [2018-04-10], Bibcode:1999JGR...10420169P, doi:10.1029/1999JB900092
- ↑ Bolt, B., Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One Fifth, W. H. Freeman and Company: 10–14, 293–297, 2005, ISBN 978-0716775485
来源
- Bonilla, M. G., Geologic and historical factors affecting earthquake damage, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failures, United States Government Printing Office, 1992 [2017-08-24]
- Dietz, L. D.; Ellsworth, W. L., Aftershocks of the Loma Prieta earthquake and their tectonic implications, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Aftershocks and Postseismic Effects, USGS Professional Paper 1550-D, Earthquake Occurrence, United States Government Printing Office, 1997 [2017-08-24]
- Fradkin, Philip L. Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and Life Along the San Andreas Fault, University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-22119-2
- Housner, G. W., Competing Against Time – Report to Governor George Deukmejian from The Governor's Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), State of California, Office of Planning and Research, 1990 [2017-08-24]
- McDonnell, J. A., Response to the Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), United States Government Printing Office, 1993 [2017-08-24], ISBN 0-16-041730-9
- Palm, Risa; Michael E. Hodgson. After a California Earthquake: Attitude and Behavior Change, University Of Chicago Press, 1992. ISBN 0-226-64499-5
- Sims, J. D.; Garvin, C. D., Observations of multiple liquefaction events at Soda Lake, California, during the earthquake and its aftershocks, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Liquefaction, USGS Professional Paper 1551-B, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failure, United States Government Printing Office: 151–163, 1998 [2017-08-24]
- Yashinsky, M., The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Highway Systems, USGS Professional Paper 1552-B, Performance of the Built Environment, United States Government Printing Office: 1–191, 1998 [2017-08-24]
外部链接
- Reflections 20 Years Later in Loma Prieta – Whole Mountain Source Book
- October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake – United States Geological Survey
- The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake—Selected Photographs – United States Geological Survey
- Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
- Giants Clubhouse: '89 Earthquake – Major League Baseball
- After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt—and the scars are hidden deep below the surface – San Francisco Chronicle
- Out of the Rubble. Ten Years After: First in a week-long retrospective of the Loma Prieta quake – San Francisco Chronicle
- Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections
- 25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed – LiveScience