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戰或逃反應（英文：Fight-or-flight response）是心理學和生理學概念，為1929年美國生理學家沃爾特·布拉德福·坎農（Walter Cannon）所提出[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]，其發現動物機體面對威脅時通常會激起神經和腺體的反應產生應激（壓力），使軀體做好防禦、掙扎或者逃跑的準備。後來，這一反應被認為是脊椎動物以及其他生物應激反應的最初階段。不同的荷爾蒙雌激素、睾酮和皮質醇都會影響人們如何對壓力作反應。[9]
概述
這種應激反應的中心位於丘腦下部，包括了許多種情緒反應。丘腦下部有時被視作應激中心，因為其在緊急事件中具備雙重功能：對於自主神經系統（ANS）的控制，以及對垂體腺的控制[10]。
兩性在「戰鬥或逃跑反應」中表現有差異：較之女性，男性更傾向於「戰鬥」反應；較之男性，女性更傾向於「逃跑」反應，或尋求他人幫助，或化解當前危險——「結盟與友好」。尤其是身為母親的女性，面臨緊張情況時，會尤其傾向於保護自己的子女並尋求他人幫助。[11]
參考文獻
- ↑ harvardsquarelibrary: W. B. Cannon Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement, Appleton, New York, 1915
- ↑ Cannon, Walter. Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Appleton. 1929.
- ↑ Bracha, H.S. et. al. (2004). Does "Fight or Flight" Need Updating? in Psychosomatics, 45:448-449, October 2004.. [2010-03-26].
- ↑ Some references say he first described the response in 1914 in The American Journal of Physiology. Others in the 1915 edition of Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage. Other sources say that he first used the term in 1929 or in 1932 edition of the same book. The issue needs further research.
- ↑ Walter Bradford Cannon. Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1929.
- ↑ H.S.Bracha; Ralston, TC; Matsukawa, JM; Williams, AE; Bracha, AS. Does "Fight or Flight" Need Updating?. Psychosomatics. 2004, 45 (5): 448–9 [2010-10-04]. PMID 15345792. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.5.448.
Walter Cannon's original formulation of the term for the human response to threat, 'fight or flight,' was coined exactly 75 years ago, in 1929.
- ↑ Shelley Elizabeth Taylor, LC Klein, BP Lewis. Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review.
First described by Walter Cannon in 1932, the fight-or-flight response is characterized physiologically by sympathetic nervous system activation that innervates the adrenal medulla, producing a hormonal cascade that results in the secretion of catecholamines, especially ...
- ↑ Walter Bradford Cannon. Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1915.
- ↑ Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine: The Three Major Stress Hormones, Explained. Hufflington Post. 2014-04-19 [2014-08-16].
- ↑ 《心理學與生活》（Psychology and life），Richard Gerrig / Philip Zimbardo，ISBN 9787115111302，人民郵電出版社，2003-10，P363
- ↑ Shelley Elizabeth Taylor, LC Klein, BP Lewis. "Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight". Psychological Review. Retrieved 2010-10-04. "First described by Walter Cannon in 1932, the fight-or-flight response is characterized physiologically by sympathetic nervous system activation that innervates the adrenal medulla, producing a hormonal cascade that results in the secretion of catecholamines, especially ..."