资料链接（又称:“链接资料”、“键连资料”，英文: Linked Data）在计算 (计算机科学),是一种发布“结构化资料”链接的方法，使资料间彼此相互链接。同时透过语意查询.[1]使链接的资料更为有用。资料链接技术以全球资讯网 标准为主，例如HTTP、资源描述架构(RDF)以及统一资源标志符(URIs)。“资料链接”主要提供机器与机器间，可自动交换的一种资料分享的方式。换言之，“资料链接”关联了资料(data）、常人（human）以及机器（machine）三者在知识呈现与语意处理的共有课题。[2]
蒂姆·伯纳斯-李, 全球资讯网协会(W3C)主席，在2006年一个与语意网计划有关的设计笔记中提出了"Linked Data"/“资料链接”这个名词。[3]
“资料链接”亦可以是开放资料的一种，在此脉络下通称为开放资料链接(Linked Open Data)。
主要原则
蒂姆·伯纳斯-李在2006年提出“资料链接”四大原则，2009年更简化为三大原则:
2006年的笔记中，蒂姆·伯纳斯-李提出“资料链接”的四大原则如下[3]:
2009年在TED大会中，蒂姆·伯纳斯-李重申三大“极其简单”的“资料链接”原则如下:[4]
主要元素
- 统一资源标志符(URIs)
- HTTP
- 结构化资料使用以资源描述架构(RDF)序列化之格式如 RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, 或JSON-LD控制语汇的词汇与资料定义。
- 资料链接平台/(Linked Data Platform)
开放资料链接 (Linked Open Data)
开放资料链接是开放资料的“资料链接”。[5][6][7] 蒂姆·伯纳斯-李清楚定义了“开放资料链接”与“资料链接”的不同:
“开放资料链接”(LOD) 是以开放授权释出的“资料链接”。此释出并不阻碍资料自由的再次使用。
大量的“开放资料链接”资料集包括DBpedia 、Wikidata。
历史溯源
“开放资料链接”(LOD)这个词汇至少自2007年2月LOD邮件论坛创建时即开始使用。[9][10]此邮件论坛是由麻省理工学院的SIMILE计划主导。[11]。
开放资料链接计划
W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach group 的开放资料链接计划，目的是借由发布RDF格式的开放知识资料集，以及创建不同资料集中资料间的RDF链接，进而以data commons扩展全球资讯网。2007年10月, 资料集包含超过由二百万相互链接的RDF links所链接的二十亿 RDF triples。[13][14]至2011年9月则发展至5百零4万相互链接的RDF links所链接的三十亿个RDF triples。2014年发布详细的统计资料。[15]
欧盟计划
许多欧洲联盟计划均包含“资料链接”，例如: LATC计划、[16]PlanetData 计划、[17]、DaPaaS (Data-and-Platform-as-a-Service)计划[18]以及LOD2 计划[19][20]。而资料的链接也成为欧盟开放资料入口网促使千笔资料集开放使用与链接的主要目的。
资料集(Datasets)
参考资料
- ↑ Bizer, Christian; Heath, Tom; Berners-Lee, Tim. Linked Data – The Story So Far (PDF) 5. 2009 [2018-10-23]. doi:10.4018/jswis.2009081901.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助) - ↑ Huang, Andrea Wei-Ching; Lee, Cheng-Jen; Chuang, Tyng-Ruey. 结构资料的再次使用：语意、链接与实作 43. 2017 [2018-10-23]. doi:10.6245/JLIS.2017.431/722.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tim Berners-Lee. Linked Data. Design Issues. W3C. 2006-07-27 [2010-12-18].
- ↑ Tim Berners-Lee on the next Web. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - Linked Data - Connect Distributed Data across the Web. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ COAR » 7 things you should know about…Linked Data. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ Linked Data Basics for Techies. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ 5 Star Open Data. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ public-lod@w3.org Mail Archives. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/NewsArchive. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ SIMILE Project - Mailing Lists. [2018-10-23].
- ↑ Linking open data cloud diagram 2014, by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/
- ↑ SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData - W3C Wiki. esw.w3.org. [2018-03-22].
- ↑ Fensel, Dieter; Facca, Federico Michele; Simperl, Elena; Ioan, Toma. Semantic Web Services. Springer. 2011: 99. ISBN 3642191924.
- ↑ Max. State of the LOD Cloud. linkeddatacatalog.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de. [2018-03-22].
- ↑ Linked open data around the clock (LATC). latc-project.eu. [2018-03-22].
- ↑ Welcome to PlanetData! - PlanetData. planet-data.eu. [2018-03-22].
- ↑ DaPaaS. project.dapaas.eu. [2018-03-22].
- ↑ CORDIS FP7 ICT Projects – LOD2. European Commission. 2010-04-20 [2018-10-23].
- ↑ LOD2 Project Fact Sheet – Project Summary (PDF). 2010-09-01 [2010-12-18].
延伸阅读
- Ahmet Soylu, Felix Mödritscher, and Patrick De Causmaecker. 2012. “Ubiquitous Web Navigation through Harvesting Embedded Semantic Data: A Mobile Scenario.” Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 19 (1): 93–109.
- Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (2011) by Tom Heath and Christian Bizer, Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, Morgan & Claypool
- How to Publish Linked Data on the Web , by Chris Bizer, Richard Cyganiak and Tom Heath, Linked Data Tutorial at Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, 27 July 2007.
- The Web Turns 20: Linked Data Gives People Power , part 1 of 4, by Mark Fischetti, Scientific American 2010 October 23
- Linked Data Is Merely More Data – Prateek Jain, Pascal Hitzler, Peter Z. Yeh, Kunal Verma, and Amit P. Sheth. In: Dan Brickley, Vinay K. Chaudhri, Harry Halpin, and Deborah McGuinness: Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report SS-10-07, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California, 2010, pp. 82–86.
- Moving beyond sameAs with PLATO: Partonomy detection for Linked Data – Prateek Jain, Pascal Hitzler, Kunal Verma, Peter Z. Yeh, Amit Sheth. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Hypertext and Social Media conference (HT 2012), Milwaukee, WI, USA, June 25–28, 2012.
- Freitas, André, Edward Curry, João Gabriel Oliveira, and Sean O’Riain. 2012. “Querying Heterogeneous Datasets on the Linked Data Web: Challenges, Approaches, and Trends.” IEEE Internet Computing 16 (1): 24–33.
- Linked Data on the Web – Chris Bizer, Tom Heath, Kingsley Uyi Idehen, Tim Berners-Lee. In Proceedings WWW2008, Beijing, China
- Interlinking Open Data on the Web – Chris Bizer, Tom Heath, Danny Ayers, Yves Raimond. In Proceedings Poster Track, ESWC2007, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ontology Alignment for Linked Open Data – Prateek Jain, Pascal Hitzler, Amit Sheth, Kunal Verma, Peter Z. Yeh. In proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China
- Linked open drug data for pharmaceutical research and development - J Cheminform. 2011; 3: 19. Samwald, Jentzsch, Bouton, Kallesøe, Willighagen, Hajagos, Marshall, Prud'hommeaux, Hassenzadeh, Pichler, and Stephens (May 2011)
- Interview with Sören Auer, head of the LOD2 project about the continuation of LOD2 in 2011 , June 2011
- Linked Open Data: The Essentials - Florian Bauer and Martin Kaltenböck (January 2012)
- The Flap of a Butterfly Wing - semanticweb.com Richard Wallis (February 2012)
外部链接
- LinkedData
- LinkedData.org
- Open Data Web (data.odw.tw ), a CKAN based linked open data repository in Taiwan.
- OpenLink Software white papers
- Linked data for the discipline of numismatics , use case demo
- Interactive LOD demo
- OptiqueVQS -- an ontology-based visual query formulation tool