关于广岛发生的原子弹爆炸事件，请见“广岛市原子弹爆炸”。| 小男孩原子弹 | |
|---|---|
 小男孩原子弹的外貌 | |
| 类型 | 原子弹（核武器） |
| 原产地 |  美国 |
| 服役记录 | |
| 服役期间 | 1945年 |
| 使用方 | 美国 |
| 参与战争／冲突 | 第二次世界大战（广岛市原子弹爆炸） |
| 生产历史 | |
| 研发者 | 洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室 |
| 基本规格 | |
| 重量 | 4000千克 |
| 长度 | 3米 |
小男孩（英语：Little Boy）是第二次世界大战时美国在日本广岛市投掷的首枚原子弹的代号。于1945年8月6日由保罗·提贝兹驾驶的B-29超级空中堡垒轰炸机“艾诺拉·盖”在广岛相生桥上空31,000英尺（9,400米）投下，日本标准时间早上8时15分在1,800英尺（550米）高度爆炸。
简介
“小男孩”是人类历史上首次对人类使用的核武器，另一枚对人类使用的核武为投掷在长崎的钚原子弹胖子。小男孩长10英尺（3米），宽28英寸（71厘米），重8,900磅（4,000千克）。使用“枪式”设计，将一个富含铀的空心圆柱体（“子弹”）以炸药射到相同材料的固体圆柱体（“目标”）上，造成整块超临界质量的铀，引发核子链式反应[1][2]。小男孩装有64千克的铀-235[3]，其中不到一千克进行了核裂变[4]，释放的能量约等于13,000公吨的 TNT烈性炸药，即大概为5.5×1013 焦耳。约七万人直接死于小男孩的原爆，大约同等数量的人受伤。随后再有大量的人死于核子尘埃放射引起的癌症。怀孕的母亲亦因为放射而出现流产，部分初生婴儿发育畸形。
据统计，直到1999年，死于小男孩原子弹的直接袭击及核辐射伤害的人数总计已超过20万。
由于时间紧绌而未能提炼足够浓缩铀制作试验弹的情况下，小男孩这种设计的核武器在使用前并未进行过实际试验。美国于1945年7月16日在新墨西哥沙漠试爆的第一枚原子弹是以钚为原料。当时美国的浓缩铀只足以制造一枚铀核弹。
相关条目
参考文献
引用
- ↑ Sublette, Carey. Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions, Section 8.0: The First Nuclear Weapons. [29 August 2013].
- ↑ Coster-Mullen 2012，第18–19, 27页.
- ↑ Coster-Mullen 2012，第18页.
- ↑ Glasstone & Dolan 1977，第12页.
来源
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外部链接
- Little Boy description at Carey Sublette's NuclearWeaponArchive.org
