大规模开放在线课堂（课程），又称慕课（英语：Massive Open Online Course/MOOC)，是一种针对于大众人群的在线课堂，人们可以通过网络来学习在线课堂。MOOC是远程教育的最新发展，它通过开放教育资源的形式发展而来。[1]
MOOC的设计和课堂参与类似于学院和大学课堂，但MOOC一般不会像在校付费的学生那样要求学分。尽管如此，学习的奖励可能通过证书来证明。
MOOC起源于开放教育资源运动和学习连接主义的思潮。最近，大量MOOC类似的计划已经独立地浮出水面，例如Coursera, Udacity, edX和Marginal Revolution University [2]；华文MOOC自2012年开始布局，至2014年较知名的MOOC网站包括MOOC学院、学堂在线、ewant育网、Share Course、Proera等。这些引人注目的计划的创始者投资机构和金融投资，帮助MOOC在2012年获取了显著的公众关注。[3]
MOOC没有完全既定的定义，但有两个显著的特点：
- Open access/开放共享：MOOC参与者不必是在校的注册学生，也不要求学费，它是让大家共享的。
- Scalability/可扩张性：许多传统课堂针对于一小群学生对应一位老师，但MOOC里的“大规模”课堂是针对于不确定的参与者而言来设计的。
早期MOOC的其它特点，例如内容的开放授权，开放结构和学习目标，以社群为中心等的特点，它们也不是在所有MOOC计划里都出现。[4]
学分和学位化
部分大学通过edX平台进行的MOOC，例如微硕士(MicroMasters)和可兑换学分课程(Credit-Eligible) 在修读完线上课程后，可衔接升读相关大学的学位课程。然而，这些线上课程并非免费，部分更索价逾千美元。[5][6]
参考资料
- ↑ Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael (2016) Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster, Business Horizons, Volume 59.
- ↑ Smith, Lindsey "5 education providers offering MOOCs now or in the future ". July 31, 2012.
- ↑ Laura Pappano. The Year of the MOOC - [[The New York Times] ] . November 2, 2012
- ↑ Wiley, David. "The MOOC Misnomer ". July, 2012
- ↑ Gordon, Adam. 'MicroMasters' Surge As MOOCs Go From Education To Qualification. Forbes. [2018-03-01] （英语）.
- ↑ Williams, Terri. MicroMasters: The Bridge Between a Bachelor’s Degree and a Graduate Degree. ThoughtCo. 2017-11-19 [2018-09-27].
参见
外部链接
- Coursera Blog : The Birth of MOOC
- MOOC pedagogy: the challenges of developing for Coursera
- Babson Survey Research Group: National reports on growth of online learning in US Higher Education
- Amanda Kraus, "Opinion Time! Udacity, Pearson, MOOCs and UVA" Blog post, "Worst Professor Ever", June 18, 2012
- Dialogue and Connectivism: A New Approach to Understanding and Promoting Dialogue-Rich Networked Learning Andrew Ravenscroft International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 12.3 March – 2011, Learning Technology Research Institute (LTRI), London Metropolitan University, UK
- Stephen Carson and Jan Philipp Schmidt. The Massive Open Online Professor . Academic Matters: The Journal of Higher Education, May 2012.
视频
- Discussion on a new trend in higher education: Massive open online courses or MOOCs Washington Journal August 7, 2012
- What is a MOOC?
TED大会演讲
线上文档
- A. McAuley, B. Stewart, G, Siemens and D. Cormier, The MOOC Model for Digital Practice (2010)
- D. Levy, Lessons Learned from Participating in a Connectivist Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) , (2011)
- S.F. John Mak, R. Williams, and J. Mackness, Blogs and Forums as Communication and Learning Tools in a MOOC , Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Networked Learning (2010)
- Siemens, G. Learning and Knowing in Networks: Changing roles for Educators and Designers. Presented to ITFORUM for Discussion (January 27, 2008)
相关书籍
- Graham Vickery, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParticipative web and user-created content: web 2.0, wikis and social networking (2007)
- Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for a digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3–10.
- UNLOCKING the GATES: How and Why Leading Universities Are Opening Up Access To Their Courses; Taylor Walsh, Princeton University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-691-14874-8