中美洲蹴球

求闻百科，共笔求闻
座落在奇琴伊察的蹴球场

中美洲蹴球（西班牙语：juego de pelota mesoamericano；纳瓦特尔语：tlachtli o ōllamalīztli）(Mesoamerican ballgame)是一种发源于中美洲的球类活动，有超过三千年的历史。现时一些地方的印第安人仍有进行这项运动。由于这运动的历史悠久，它的详细规则随时间和地点而有所不同。一般而言，这运动是两人或两方对赛。

中美洲蹴球所使用的球是硬胶质，而球场则是长形的。球场的两边筑有高台，使球不致飞出场外。有时在球场的两端会立柱。

球员需以肘、腰及膝把球送过对方的石环。

蹴球场在中美洲各处都有设立。在一些地区，几乎所有较大的遗址都有蹴球场，其他地区则可能少一些。现存最大的蹴球场长166米，宽68米。

意义

发现蹴球场的地区

蹴球除了是当地人（包括儿童）的休闲活动，也具有宗教意义。正式的比赛常被认为是天上的神明或地下世界的主宰之间的斗争，而球本身代表太阳。

在正式比赛中，落败一方的领队会被斩首或取出心脏以作活祭品，他的头骨会被用作新球的球心。

关于比赛后的献祭，另有一说法，即胜者献祭：根据中美洲文明对于宗教的热情，成为祭品被认为是神圣的，部分学者依照此点推测奉献应该是属于荣耀，所以献祭应为胜利者。

但亦有地方如奇琴伊察，胜利一方或落败一方的领队被用作牺牲的说法同时存在。

蹴球是古代中美洲艺术的重要题材。很多中美洲古文明的雕刻、壁画等均有关于蹴球的描述，大大方便了现代人对该活动的研究。

参考文献

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延伸阅读

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