補語

英語補語的作用對象是主語和賓語，具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的。補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定詞、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。

主詞的補語

它用在介系詞之後，是句子的一個基本成分。常用主－介－表結構。

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他們在一起，至少我認得是她。（her做受詞，with做介系詞，them做主詞補語）

Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶？

Me. 我。 （me做主詞補語= It's me.）

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主語補語）

約翰希望那位乘客是瑪莉，還真是她。

受詞的補語

• 不定詞(to do)

Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。

We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。

We made him to copy the sentence.

He is made to copy the sentence.

I felt my hands tremble.

• 名詞

At the meeting we elected him monitor.

I think your brother a clever boy.

• 形容詞

What you said made Xiao Wang angry.

I found the classroom empty.

• 副詞

Please call the students back at once.

He was seen to take his cap off.

• 現在分詞

We hear him singing in the hall.

I found him lying in bed, sleeping.

• 過去分詞

He saw his face reflected in the water.

I heard it spoken of in the next room.