波菲利（哲学家）

波菲利
出生	约234年
逝世	约305年
著名思想	波菲利之树, 对基督教的批评, 素食主义

波菲利（希腊语：Πορφύριος Porphýrios；阿拉伯语：فرفوريوس‎，罗马化：Furfūriyūs；读音：/ˈpɔːrfɪri/；约234年—约305年）是在罗马统治期间出生在泰尔的新柏拉图哲学家。

他撰写了涉及许多主题的作品，涵盖音乐、荷马以及素食主义。他编辑并出版了《九章集》，这是有关他的老师普罗提诺著作的唯一合集。他对欧几里得的几何原本评论曾被帕普斯引用。他的著作《导论》在中世纪被认为是逻辑学和哲学的入门书和教科书，并被翻译成拉丁语和阿拉伯语。波菲利是一名反基督教人士，著有《Philosophy from Oracles》和《反对基督徒》（Against the Christians） 等反基督教著作。《反对基督徒》后来甚至被君士坦丁大帝所取缔。

参考文献

资料来源

• Barker, A. Porphyry. Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A. (编). Oxford Classical Dictionary revised 3rd. 2003: 1226–1227. 
• Barnes, Jonathan. Porphyry: Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon. 2003. 
• Barnes, Jonathan. Method and Metaphysics: Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Volume I. Oxford: OUP. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-957751-4. 
• Beutler, R. (1894–1980). "Porphyrios (21)" in A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Witte, K. Mittelhaus and K. Ziegler, eds., Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. 22.1.
• Clarke, Gillian. Iamblichus : On the Pythagorean Life. Liverpool University Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-85323-326-8. 
• Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma. Lactantius, Porphyry, and the Debate over Religious Toleration. Journal of Roman Studies. 1998, 88: 129–146. ISSN 0075-4358. doi:10.2307/300808. 
• Froom, LeRoy. The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers (PDF). Volume 1. Washington, DC: Review and Herald. 1950. 
• Guthrie, Kenneth Sylvan. The Works of Porphyry. Porphyry's Launching-points to the realm of mind: an introduction to the neoplatonic philosophy of Plotinus. Phanes Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-933999-59-6.  also available at tertullian.org
• Hadot, P. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Oxford: Blackwell. 1995. 
• Johnson, Aaron. Rethinking the Authenticity of Porphyry, c.Christ. fr. 1,. Studia Patristica. 2010, 46: 53–58. 
• Johnson, Aaron P. Religion and Identity in Porphyry of Tyre: The Limits of Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1-107-01273-8. 
• Notopoulos, James A. Porphyry's Life of Plato. Classical Philology. 1940, 35 (3): 284–293. ISSN 0009-837X. doi:10.1086/362396. 
• Rahman, F. ʿARAŻ. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. II, Fasc. 3: 271–273. 1986. 
• Sarton, G. The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World. Osiris. 1936, 2: 406–463. doi:10.1086/368462. 
• Sadaune, Samuel. Inventions et decouvertes au Moyen-Age [Inventions and Discoveries of the Middle Ages]. Ouest-France. 2014. ISBN 9782737362415 （法语）. 
• Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 维基文库. 1885, Book I, Ch 9, pp. 30-31. 
• Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 维基文库. 1885b, Book III, Ch 23. 
• Stevenson, James. A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337. SPCK. 1987. ISBN 978-0-281-04268-5. 
• Wilken, R. Pagan Criticism of Christianity: Greek Religion and Christian Faith. Schoedel and, W.; Wilken, R. (编). Early Christian Literature and the Classical Intellectual Tradition. 1979: 117–134. 

更多阅读

• Bidez, J. (1913). Vie de Porphyre. Ghent.
• Clark, Gillian, "Porphyry of Tyre on the New Barbarians," in R. Miles (ed), Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity (London: Routledge, 1999), 112–132; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XIV.
• Clark, Gillian, "Philosophic Lives and the philosophic life: Porphyry and Iamblichus," in T. Hägg and P. Rousseau (eds), Greek Biography and Panegyric in Late Antiquity (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2000), 29–51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XV.
• Clark, Gillian, "Fattening the soul: Christian asceticism and Porphyry On Abstinence," Studia Patristica, 35, 2001, 41-51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XVI.
• Emilsson, E., "Porphyry". Retrieved April 19, 2009.
• Iamblichus: De mysteriis. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon and Jackson P. Hershbell (Society of Biblical Literature; 2003) ISBN 1-58983-058-X.
• Girgenti, G. (1987) Porfirio negli ultimi cinquant'anni: bibliografia sistematica e ragionata della letteratura primaria e secondaria riguardante il pensiero porfiriano e i suoi influssi storici Milan.
• Smith, Andrew (1987) Porphyrian Studies since 1913, in W. Haase, ed., Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.36.2, pp. 717–773.
• Smith, Andrew (1974) Porphyry's Place in the Neoplatonic Tradition. A Study in post-Plotinian Neoplatonism, The Hague, Nijhoff.
• Zuiddam, B. A. "Old Critics and Modern Theology," Dutch Reformed Theological Journal (South Africa), xxxvi, 1995, No. 2.

外部链接

• • • • • • Porphyry Malchus (mathematician) – entry in MacTutor History of Maths Archives.
  • Emilsson, Eyjólfur. Porphyry//扎尔塔, 爱德华·N. 史丹佛哲学百科全书. .
  • Περὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ τῶν Νυμφῶν Ἄντρου (The Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey), original Greek text.
  • Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὴν Ἀποτελεσματικὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου (Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos), original Greek text.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book I, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book II, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book III, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book IV, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On the Cave of Nymphs, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, Auxiliaries to the Perception of Intelligible Natures, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, Isagoge, translated by Octavius Freire Owen.
  • The Isagoge, or Introduction of Porphyry, translated by Thomas Taylor with an extensive preface by the translator.
  • Porphyry, On the Life of Plotinus
  • Porphyry, Comments on the Book of Daniel.
  • Additional texts, edited by Roger Pearse
  • 来自波菲利的LibriVox公共领域有声读物