 蘑菇云[1] | |
| 位置 | 加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯 |
|---|---|
| 日期 | 1917年12月6日 9:04:35（AST） |
| 死亡 | 2,000（估算）（已知1,950人） |
| 受伤 | 9,000（估算） |
哈利法克斯爆炸发生在1917年12月6日，加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯，法国货船勃朗峰号满载炸药，与挪威船舶SS伊莫在连接哈利法克斯港与贝德福德洼地的海峡相撞[2]。勃朗峰号上发生火灾，大约二十分钟后船上的炸药爆炸，摧毁哈利法克斯列治文区，并触发18米高海啸。大约有2000人死于海啸，火灾和建筑物倒塌，近9000人受伤[3]。哈利法克斯爆炸是核武器发展前最大的人造爆炸[4]，约2900吨TNT炸药当量。1918年5月，达尔豪西大学教授霍华德·L.布朗森估计爆炸约2400吨TNT炸药当量[5]。
参考
- ↑ Several locations have been attributed to this image but comparisons of direction, land elevation and the foreground vessel mostly strongly suggest Bedford Basin Joel Zemel, "Halifax Explosion - The Anatomy Of A Disaster: An Analysis of Two 1917 Halifax Explosion Blast Cloud Photographs"
- ↑ The ship had been named with the initials - JMO - after the senior owner of the company, Johan Martin Osmundsen (aka Jurgens M. Osmond), but people started calling her Imo and the name stuck. Source: Methods of Disaster Research by Robert A. Stallings (International Research Committee on Disasters ©2002), pp. 281-282.
- ↑ CBC - Halifax Explosion 1917. CBC.ca. 2003-09-19 [2011-02-25].
- ↑ Time: Disasters that Shook the World. New York City: Time Home Entertainment. 2012: 56. ISBN 1-60320-247-1.
- ↑ John Griffith Armstrong, The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy: Inquiry and Intrigue (2004, UBC Press), pp. 41-42