激浪派（Fluxus）是1960年代至1970年代間活躍的一個激進的国际文藝流派[1][2][3][4][5]。他們提出了一些新的藝術主張，如迪克·希金斯的“中介藝術”[6][7][8][9]、亨利·弗林特的“觀念藝術”[10][11]和白南准和沃尔夫·福斯特尔的“錄像藝術”[12][13][14]。受到杜尚的影響，大多數激浪派藝術家以反商業和反藝術為己任，強調概念而非成品的重要性[15]。而Fluxus一詞則由喬治·麥素納斯創造于1961年[16]。
1960年代的許多實驗藝術家都屬於這一流派，威斯巴登、哥本哈根、斯德哥爾摩、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦和纽约都有大量激浪派藝術家存在。他們的興趣極為廣泛，而互相之間亦有衝突[17][18]。比如尽管激浪派創始人之一的喬治·麥素納斯發表過所謂的《激浪派宣言》，但很少有其他激浪派藝術家對他的說法表示讚同，甚至很多藝術家都不认为他屬於激浪派[19][20]。雖然如此，激浪派也在一定程度上對開放“藝術”之定義做出了貢獻[21]。
参考文献
- ↑ Friedman, Ken. 2011. "Fluxus: A Laboratory of Ideas." Fluxus and the Essential Qualities of Life. Jacquelynne Baas, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p.35.
- ↑ Nationalencyclopedin (Swedish National Encyclopedia). 2016. "Fluxus." Accessible at: http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyclopedi/lång/fluxus Accessed September 11, 2016.
- ↑ Wainwright, Lisa S. 2016. "Fluxus." Britannica Academic (Encyclopedia Britannica Online).
- ↑ Ruhé, Harry. 1979. Fluxus, the Most Radical and Experimental Art Movement of the Sixties Amsterdam: Editions Galerie A.
- ↑ Ruhé, Harry. 1999. "Introduction." 25 Fluxus Stories Amsterdam: Tuja Books, p. 4.
- ↑ Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1, February, pp. 1-3.
- ↑ Higgins, Dick. 2001. "Intermedia" Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., pp. 27–32.
- ↑ Higgins, Dick. 1984. Horizons: The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press
- ↑ Hannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271-281
- ↑ Flynt, Henry. 1961. "Concept Art: Innperseqs." Reprinted in 1963: An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
- ↑ Flynt, Henry. 1963. "Essay: Concept Art: Provisional Version." An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
- ↑ Paik, Nam June. 1993. Nam June Paik: eine Data Base. La Biennale di Venezia. XLV Esposizione lnternazionale D’Arte, June 13 – October 10, 1993. Klaus Bussmann and Florian Matzner, eds. Venice and Berlin: Biennale di Venezia and Edition Cantz.
- ↑ Hanhardt, John and Ken Hakuta. 2012. Nam June Paik: Global Visionary. London and Washington, D.C.: D. Giles, Ltd., in association with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
- ↑ Fundacio Joan Miro. 1979. Vostell. Environments Pintura Happenings Dibuixos Video de 1958 a 1978. Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro.
- ↑ Fluxus Movement, Artists and Major Works. [2015-10-06].
- ↑ Armstrong, Elizabeth. In the Spirit of Fluxus. Minneapolis: The Occasion of the Exhibition. 1993: 24. ISBN 9780935640403.
- ↑ Zurbrugg, Nicholas. 1990. “A Spirit of Large Goals.” – Dada and Fluxus at Two Speeds. Fluxus! Nicholas Zurbrugg, Francesco Conz, and Nicholas Tsoutas, eds. Brisbane, Australia: Institute of Modern Art, p. 29.
- ↑ Smith, Owen F. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.
- ↑ Higgins, Dick. 1992. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." Lund Art Press, Vol II, No 2, pp. 25-46.
- ↑ Higgins, Dick. 1998. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." The Fluxus Reader, Ken Friedman, ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Academy Editions, pp. 218-236.
- ↑ Tate Gallery. "Nam June Paik. Fluxus, Performance, Participation." Tate Online. Accessible at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/exhibition/nam-june-paik/nam-june-paik-room-guide/nam-june-paik-section-2 Accessed September 15, 2016.
外部連結
- Links at Ubuweb:
- Interview with Ken Friedman
- European Fluxus Festivals 1962–1977
- John Cage on I've Got A Secret performing Water Walk, January 1960, from the same era as his teaching classes at the New School
- MOMA online archive of Fluxus 1, Fluxkit and Flux Year Box 2
- Museum Fluxus+ Potsdam, Germany
- Museo Vostell Malpartida, Cáceres, Spain.
- Subjugated Knowledges exhibition catalogue
- The Copenhagen Fluxus Archive
- Dick Higgins collection at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
