肺：修订间差异

[[File:Diaphragme.gif|右|有框|橫隔膜幫助呼吸]]

[[肺癌]]指的是肺部[[组织 (生物学)|组织]]内[[细胞]]生长失去控制的[[疾病]]。这种细胞生长可能会造成[[远端转移|转移]]，就是侵入相邻的组织和渗透到肺部以外。绝大多数肺癌是肺部[[恶性上皮细胞肿瘤]]，由[[上皮细胞]]病变而造成。肺癌是造成男性和女性癌症相关死亡的最主要原因。全球每年有130万人死于肺癌。<ref name="世界卫生组织">{{cite web | author =世界卫生组织 | | title =癌症 | publisher =[[世界卫生组织]] | url =http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/ | accessdate =2007-06-25 | date =2006-02 | | | }}</ref>最常见的[[症状]]包括呼吸急促，[[咳嗽]]（咳血），和体重减轻<ref name="Harrison">{{cite book | last=Minna | first=JD | coauthors=Schiller JH | title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine | publisher=McGraw-Hill | year=2008 | pages =551–562 | edition=17th | isbn=0-07-146633-9 }}</ref>。

肺癌主要分为小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌。这个区别对采取不同治疗手段有非常重要意义。[[非小细胞肺癌]]是通过肺癌手术；而[[小细胞肺癌]]常常对化疗和放疗的反应比较好。<ref name="Cancer Medicine">{{cite book | last=Vaporciyan | first=AA | coauthors=Nesbitt JC, Lee JS et al. | title=Cancer Medicine | publisher=B C Decker | year=2000 | pages=1227–1292 | isbn=1-55009-113-1 }}</ref>肺癌最常见的原因是长期[[吸烟]]<ref name="Merck">{{Cite web | title=Lung Carcinoma: Tumors of the Lungs | publisher=Merck Manual Professional Edition, Online edition | url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405 | accessdate=2007-08-15 | | | }}</ref>。不吸烟者，占肺癌患者的15%<ref name="Thun">{{cite journal | last=Thun | first=MJ | coauthors=Hannan LM, Adams-Campbell LL et al. | title=Lung Cancer Occurrence in Never-Smokers: An Analysis of 13 Cohorts and 22 Cancer Registry Studies | journal=PLoS Medicine | volume=5 | issue=9 | pages=e185 | year=2008 | doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.005018510.1002/ijc.22615 }}</ref>，患病的主要原因包括[[基因]]<ref name="Gorlova">{{cite journal | last=Gorlova | first=OY | coauthors=Weng SF, Zhang Y et al. | title=Aggregation of cancer among relatives of never-smoking lung cancer patients | journal=International Journal of Cancer | volume=121 | issue=1 | pages=111–118 | pmid=17304511 | doi=10.1002/ijc.22615 |date=2007-07}}</ref><ref name="Hackshaw">{{cite journal | last=Hackshaw | first=AK | coauthors=Law MR, Wald NJ | title=The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke | journal=British Medical Journal | volume=315 | issue=7114 | pages=980–988 | url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7114/980 | pmid=9365295 |date=1997-10-18}}</ref>、[[氡]]气<ref name="Catelinois">{{Cite journal |author=Catelinois O, Rogel A, Laurier D, ''et al.'' |title=Lung cancer attributable to indoor radon exposure in france: impact of the risk models and uncertainty analysis |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=114 |issue=9 |pages=1361–6 |pmid=16966089 |pmc=1570096 |doi=10.1289/ehp.9070 |url=http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/9070/9070.html |date=2006年9月 |||}}</ref>、[[石棉]]、[[空气污染]]（包括[[二手烟]]）<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke |author=Carmona, RH |publisher=美国卫生和服务部 |title=The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General |date=2006-06-27 |quote=Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke. |||}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol83/volume83.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=世界卫生组织 International Agency for Research on Cancer |title=Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking |journal=IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans |volume=83 |year=2002 |quote=There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans. [...] Involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). |access-date=2013-05-31 |||}}</ref>。