添加的内容 删除的内容
小 (机器人:替换来源列表模板参数) |
小 (机器人:清理不当的来源、移除无用的模板参数) |
||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
'''公共借閱權'''({{lang-en|Public Lending Right}}),又稱'''公共出借權、授予公共圖書館圖書借閱權'''(簡稱'''授借權'''),是指一種制度,用以補償作者因[[公共圖書館]]提供其作品予公眾借閱而承受的潛在損失,或者作為政府對藝術的支持而資助圖書、音樂或藝術作品。 |
'''公共借閱權'''({{lang-en|Public Lending Right}}),又稱'''公共出借權、授予公共圖書館圖書借閱權'''(簡稱'''授借權'''),是指一種制度,用以補償作者因[[公共圖書館]]提供其作品予公眾借閱而承受的潛在損失,或者作為政府對藝術的支持而資助圖書、音樂或藝術作品。 |
||
首個授借權制度,由[[丹麥]]在1941年提出。但因為時值[[第二次世界大戰]],計劃並未有妥善實行<ref>{{cite journal | first = Thomas | author = Thomas Stave | title = Public Lending Right: a History of the Idea | journal = Library Trends | publisher = Graduate School of Library and Information Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | year = 1981 | pages = 569–582 | url = http://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/7164/librarytrendsv29i4c_opt.pdf?sequence=1 | format = PDF | issn = 0024-2594 | accessdate = 2009-12-19 | |
首個授借權制度,由[[丹麥]]在1941年提出。但因為時值[[第二次世界大戰]],計劃並未有妥善實行<ref>{{cite journal | first = Thomas | author = Thomas Stave | title = Public Lending Right: a History of the Idea | journal = Library Trends | publisher = Graduate School of Library and Information Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | year = 1981 | pages = 569–582 | url = http://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/7164/librarytrendsv29i4c_opt.pdf?sequence=1 | format = PDF | issn = 0024-2594 | accessdate = 2009-12-19 | | | }}</ref>。有關概念緩慢地在國家之間傳播,許多國家都只是在最近才推出授借權計劃。 |
||
== 不同國家授借權差異 == |
== 不同國家授借權差異 == |
||
第17行: | 第17行: | ||
[[歐盟]]自1992年11月起,按[[歐洲聯盟指令|歐盟指令 92/100/EEC]] 以租借權利去規管授借權。[[欧盟委员会]]在 2002 年發表一份報告<ref>[http://europa.eu.int/cgi-bin/eur-lex/udl.pl?REQUEST=Seek-Deliver&COLLECTION=com&SERVICE=eurlex&LANGUAGE=en&DOCID=502PC0502&FORMAT=pdf Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee on the public lending right in the European Union] (PDF), 2002-09-16</ref>,指出大部份成員國未能正確執行該指令。 |
[[歐盟]]自1992年11月起,按[[歐洲聯盟指令|歐盟指令 92/100/EEC]] 以租借權利去規管授借權。[[欧盟委员会]]在 2002 年發表一份報告<ref>[http://europa.eu.int/cgi-bin/eur-lex/udl.pl?REQUEST=Seek-Deliver&COLLECTION=com&SERVICE=eurlex&LANGUAGE=en&DOCID=502PC0502&FORMAT=pdf Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee on the public lending right in the European Union] (PDF), 2002-09-16</ref>,指出大部份成員國未能正確執行該指令。 |
||
上述有關授借權的歐盟指令,受到[[国际图书馆协会联合会]](IFLA)的反對和阻撓。IFLA指授借權所引用的「借用權」概念,危害到公眾圖書館的服務,而該服務屬於民眾的[[人權]]<ref>[http://www.ifla.org/III/clm/p1/PublicLendingRigh.htm The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Position on PLR] (April 2005)</ref>。部份歐洲作家(包括諾貝爾文學獎得主[[达里奥·福]]及[[若泽·萨拉马戈]])亦反對該指令的發布及實施<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nopago.org/ |title=Campagna europea contro l'introduzione del prestito a pagamento in biblioteca (in Italian) |publisher=Nopago.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-01 | |
上述有關授借權的歐盟指令,受到[[国际图书馆协会联合会]](IFLA)的反對和阻撓。IFLA指授借權所引用的「借用權」概念,危害到公眾圖書館的服務,而該服務屬於民眾的[[人權]]<ref>[http://www.ifla.org/III/clm/p1/PublicLendingRigh.htm The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Position on PLR] (April 2005)</ref>。部份歐洲作家(包括諾貝爾文學獎得主[[达里奥·福]]及[[若泽·萨拉马戈]])亦反對該指令的發布及實施<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nopago.org/ |title=Campagna europea contro l'introduzione del prestito a pagamento in biblioteca (in Italian) |publisher=Nopago.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-01 |||}}</ref>。相反地,有超過3000名作家聯署,反對英國於2010年削減授借權費用<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/aug/26/authors-public-lending-right-scheme Authors join forces to defend public lending right] , the Guardian, 2010-08-29</ref>。 |
||
== 參考文獻 == |
== 參考文獻 == |
||
第25行: | 第25行: | ||
* [http://www.plrinternational.com/ PLR International Network website] |
* [http://www.plrinternational.com/ PLR International Network website] |
||
* [http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/105e-Parker.pdf An update (2002) on the international situation] by Jim Parker (UK PLR Offices, Stockton-on-Tees, UK) |
* [http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/105e-Parker.pdf An update (2002) on the international situation] by Jim Parker (UK PLR Offices, Stockton-on-Tees, UK) |
||
* [ |
* [http://www.infoshop.org/alibrarians/public_html/article.php?story=03%2F01%2F31%2F2949535 Australian authors 'compensated' for library circulation] |
||
* [http://www.plr-dpp.ca/ Public Lending Right Commission of Canada Website] |
* [http://www.plr-dpp.ca/ Public Lending Right Commission of Canada Website] |
||
* [ |
* [http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/bmzz/jkww/2010-05/21/content_1574333.htm 浅谈图书馆业务所涉及的著作权问题],中國人大網 |
||
* [https://www.e123.hk/ElderlyPro/details/313574/74/ 梁智仁﹕公共借閱權須作深入的分析和探討] |
* [https://www.e123.hk/ElderlyPro/details/313574/74/ 梁智仁﹕公共借閱權須作深入的分析和探討] |
||