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小 (noteTA 跳过, replaced: 講 → 讲 (2), 時 → 时, 經 → 经, 濟 → 济 (3), 備 → 备 (2), 宮 → 宫, 話 → 话 (2), 圓 → 圆 (2), 記 → 记 (5), 「 → “ (2), 」 → ” (2), 鏡 → 镜 (5), 麼 → 么 (2), 觸 → 触, 趨 → 趋 (2)) |
小 (→词汇) |
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|script=[[諺文]] |
|script=[[諺文]] |
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|ethnicity=[[中国朝鲜族]] |
|ethnicity=[[中国朝鲜族]] |
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|fam1= [[孤立语言]]<ref name="google15">{{Citation | last = Song | first = Jae Jung | year = 2005 | |
|fam1= [[孤立语言]]<ref name="google15">{{Citation | last = Song | first = Jae Jung | year = 2005 | | title = The Korean language: structure, use and context | publisher = Routledge | page = 15 | isbn = 978-0-415-32802-9 | accessdate = 2017-11-04 | | | }}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Lyle | last1 = Campbell | first2 = Mauricio | last2 = Mixco | year = 2007 | title = A Glossary of Historical Linguistics | publisher = University of Utah Press | contribution = Korean, A language isolate | pages = 7, 90–91 | quote = most specialists... no longer believe that the... Altaic groups... are related […] Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = David | last = Dalby | year = 1999{{ndash}}2000 | title = The Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities | publisher = Linguasphere Press}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Nam-Kil | last = Kim | year = 1992 | contribution = Korean | title = International Encyclopedia of Linguistics | volume = 2 | pages = 282–86 | quote = scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = András | last = Róna-Tas | year = 1998 | contribution = The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question | title = The Turkic Languages | publisher = Routledge | pages = 67–80 | quote = [Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned }}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Claus | last = Schönig | year = 2003 | contribution = Turko-Mongolic Relations | title = The Mongolic Languages | publisher = Routledge | pages = 403–19 | quote = the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship}}.</ref>或[[朝鲜语系]] |
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|fam2= [[朝鲜语]] |
|fam2= [[朝鲜语]] |
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}} |
}} |
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第73行: | 第73行: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%" |
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! scope="col" rowspan="2" |汉语 |
! scope="col" rowspan="2" |汉语 |
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! scope="col" colspan="3" |延边朝 |
! scope="col" colspan="3" |延边朝鲜文 |
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! scope="col" colspan="2" |韩国标準语 |
! scope="col" colspan="2" |韩国标準语 |
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第86行: | 第86行: | ||
|style="white-space:nowrap" |([[汉语]])<br>工人 |
|style="white-space:nowrap" |([[汉语]])<br>工人 |
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|rowspan=4 style="white-space:nowrap" |'''使用汉字的-{zh-hans:朝鲜;zh-hant:韩}-语<br>音读形式借词''' |
|rowspan=4 style="white-space:nowrap" |'''使用汉字的-{zh-hans:朝鲜;zh-hant:韩}-语<br>音读形式借词''' |
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|{{朝|諺=노동자|汉= |
|{{朝|諺=노동자|汉=勞動者|罗=Nodongja|link=no}} |
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|([[日语]])<br>{{lang|ja|劳働者}} |
|([[日语]])<br>{{lang|ja|劳働者}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="white-space:nowrap" |办公室 |
| style="white-space:nowrap" |办公室 |
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|{{朝|諺='''판공실'''|汉= |
|{{朝|諺='''판공실'''|汉=辦公室|罗=P'an'gongsil|link=no}} |
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|([[汉语]])<br>办公室 |
|([[汉语]])<br>办公室 |
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|{{朝|諺=사무실|汉=事务室|罗=Samusil|link=no}} |
|{{朝|諺=사무실|汉=事务室|罗=Samusil|link=no}} |
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第96行: | 第96行: | ||
|- |
|- |
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|毕业 |
|毕业 |
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|{{朝|諺='''필업'''|汉= |
|{{朝|諺='''필업'''|汉=畢業|罗=Pil-eob|link=no}} |
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|([[汉语]])<br>毕业 |
|([[汉语]])<br>毕业 |
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|{{朝|諺=졸업|汉=卒 |
|{{朝|諺=졸업|汉=卒業|罗=Jol-eob|link=no}} |
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|([[日语]])<br>{{lang|ja|卒 |
|([[日语]])<br>{{lang|ja|卒業}} |
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|- |
|- |
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|圆珠笔 |
|圆珠笔 |
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|{{朝|諺='''원주필'''|汉= |
|{{朝|諺='''원주필'''|汉=圓珠筆|罗=Wonjupil|link=no}} |
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|([[汉语]])<br>圆珠 |
|([[汉语]])<br>圆珠笔 |
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|{{朝|諺=볼펜|罗=Bolpen|link=no}} |
|{{朝|諺=볼펜|罗=Bolpen|link=no}} |
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|([[英语]])<br>ballpen |
|([[英语]])<br>ballpen |
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第133行: | 第133行: | ||
|} |
|} |
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此外延边朝鲜语还有部分日语借词<ref name="zhko"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=朴美花|script-title=ja:『<nowiki>延辺朝鲜语における借用语について - 语彙の借用を中心に -</nowiki>』|url=http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90375/1/Piao.pdf|work={{lang|ja|东京外国语大学记述言语学论集}}|year=2017年|volume=13|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-26 |
此外延边朝鲜语还有部分日语借词<ref name="zhko"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=朴美花|script-title=ja:『<nowiki>延辺朝鲜语における借用语について - 语彙の借用を中心に -</nowiki>』|url=http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90375/1/Piao.pdf|work={{lang|ja|东京外国语大学记述言语学论集}}|year=2017年|volume=13|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>: |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%" |
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! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap" |汉语 |
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap" |汉语 |
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! scope="col" colspan="3" |延边朝 |
! scope="col" colspan="3" |延边朝鲜文 |
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! scope="col" colspan="2" |韩国标準语 |
! scope="col" colspan="2" |韩国标準语 |
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|- |
|- |
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第154行: | 第154行: | ||
|眼镜 |
|眼镜 |
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|{{朝|諺='''메가네'''|罗=Maeganae|link=no}} |
|{{朝|諺='''메가네'''|罗=Maeganae|link=no}} |
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|{{jpn|j=眼 |
|{{jpn|j=眼鏡|rm=Megane|link=no}} |
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|使用日语训读汉字词读音的借词 |
|使用日语训读汉字词读音的借词 |
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|{{朝|諺=안경|汉=眼 |
|{{朝|諺=안경|汉=眼鏡|罗=Angyeon|link=no}} |
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第182行: | 第182行: | ||
* {{ja}} {{Cite book |
* {{ja}} {{Cite book |
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|author=宫下尚子 |
|author=宫下尚子 |
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|authorlink= |
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|script-title={{lang|ja|『言语接触と中国朝鲜语の成立』}} |
|script-title={{lang|ja|『言语接触と中国朝鲜语の成立』}} |
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|trans-title=语言接触与中国朝鲜语的形成 |
|trans-title=语言接触与中国朝鲜语的形成 |
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第198行: | 第198行: | ||
* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|author=东北三省朝-{}-鲜语文工作协作小组办公室 |
|author=东北三省朝-{}-鲜语文工作协作小组办公室 |
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| |
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|author-link= |
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|script-title=《朝鲜语规范集》 |
|script-title=《朝鲜语规范集》 |
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|trans-title= |
|trans-title= |
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第214行: | 第214行: | ||
* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|authors=宣德五、金祥元、赵习 |
|authors=宣德五、金祥元、赵习 |
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| |
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|author-link= |
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|script-title=《朝鲜语简志》 |
|script-title=《朝鲜语简志》 |
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|trans-title= |
|trans-title= |