基因重组

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A current model of meiotic recombination, initiated by a double-strand break or gap, followed by pairing with an homologous chromosome and strand invasion to initiate the recombinational repair process. Repair of the gap can lead to crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) of the flanking regions. CO recombination is thought to occur by the Double Holliday Junction (DHJ) model, illustrated on the right, above. NCO recombinants are thought to occur primarily by the Synthesis Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) model, illustrated on the left, above. Most recombination events appear to be the SDSA type.

基因重组(genetic recombination)亦称遗传重组(genetic reshuffling),在遗传学上的“重组”是指DNA片段断裂并且转移位置的过程,会导致基因间或基因内新的连锁关系形成。在自然情况下,常发生在减数分裂时非姐妹染色单体上的基因结合。

原核生物(例如细菌)来说,个体之间可以通过交接,或是经由病毒(例如噬菌体)的传送,来交换彼此的基因,并且利用基因重组,将这些基因组合到本身原有的遗传物质中。

对于较复杂的生物来说,重组通常是因为同源染色体配对时发生互换,使得同源染色体上的基因在遗传到子代时,经常有不完全的连锁。由于重组现象的存在,科学家可以利用重组率来定出基因之间的相对位置,描绘出基因图谱

联会

减数分裂期间,联会(同源染色体的配对)通常在基因重组之前发生。在一般减数分裂的步骤,先是联会 、再进行基因重组及分离 (gene segregation)[1][2]

注释

  1. Hawley RS, Arbel T.,"Yeast genetics and the fall of the classical view of meiosis"[1],PubMed - NCBI,1993 Feb 12;72(3):301-3.. PMID 8431941 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90108-3
  2. Peter B. Moens,"Molecular perspectives of chromosome pairing at meiosis"[2],BioEssays - Wiley Online Library,Volume16,Issue2,February 1994,Pages 101-106.

参考文献

 本条目引用的公有领域材料来自NCBI的文档《Science Primer》

  • Michael J. McDonald, Daniel P. Rice, Michael M. Desai: Sex speeds adaptation by altering the dynamics of molecular evolution. In: Nature. 2016, doi:10.1038/nature17143

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