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(→支持缅甸文的字体: // Edit via Wikiplus) |
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{{noteTA |
{{noteTA |
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|1=zh-cn:北伊利诺伊大学; zh-tw:北伊利 |
|1=zh-cn:北伊利诺伊大学; zh-tw:北伊利诺大学; zh-hk:北伊利诺大学; |
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}} |
}} |
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{{unreferenced|time=2015-11-22T09:16:02+00:00}} |
{{unreferenced|time=2015-11-22T09:16:02+00:00}} |
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{{Infobox WS |
{{Infobox WS |
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|name= |
|name=缅文 |
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|type=[[元音附 |
|type=[[元音附标文字]] |
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|languages=[[ |
|languages=[[缅甸语]]、[[孟语]]、[[斯高克伦语]]、东[[波克伦语]]、西[[波克伦语]]、[[克耶语]]、[[掸语]]等 |
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|time=约1050年至今 |
|time=约1050年至今 |
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|fam1=[[原始迦南字母]] |
|fam1=[[原始迦南字母]] |
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|fam3=[[亚兰字母]] |
|fam3=[[亚兰字母]] |
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|fam4=[[婆罗米文]] |
|fam4=[[婆罗米文]] |
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|fam5=[[孟文]]或[[ |
|fam5=[[孟文]]或[[骠文]] |
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|sisters=[[老傣文]]<br />[[德宏傣文]] |
|sisters=[[老傣文]]<br />[[德宏傣文]] |
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|unicode=[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf U+1000至U+109F]<br />[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf U+AA60至U+AA7F](扩展A)<br />[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf U+A9E0至U+A9FF](扩展B) |
|unicode=[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf U+1000至U+109F]<br />[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf U+AA60至U+AA7F](扩展A)<br />[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf U+A9E0至U+A9FF](扩展B) |
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{{Burmese characters}} |
{{Burmese characters}} |
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''' |
'''缅文'''({{lang-my|{{Script/shn-Mymr|မြန်မာအက္ခရာ}}}}、[[缅甸语委转写系统|转写]]:mranma akkha.ra、{{IPA-my|mjəmà ʔɛʔkʰəjà|pron}})是一种[[婆罗米系文字]],主要用来书写[[缅甸语]]。由[[孟文]]或[[骠文]]改造而成。缅文字母呈圆形,因为缅甸人过去在[[棕榈]]叶上写字,直笔容易划破叶片。 |
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缅文记录的是[[缅甸语]]历史上的语音,和现代的语音差别较大。把缅文转写成[[拉丁字母]]的方案有[[缅甸语委转写系统]]。 |
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缅文稍加改造后也用来书写[[孟语]]、[[斯高克伦语]]、东[[波克伦语]]、西[[波克伦语]]、[[克耶语]]、[[掸语]]等[[缅甸民族|缅甸少数民族]]语言以及[[德宏傣语]]([[傣绷文]])。 |
缅文稍加改造后也用来书写[[孟语]]、[[斯高克伦语]]、东[[波克伦语]]、西[[波克伦语]]、[[克耶语]]、[[掸语]]等[[缅甸民族|缅甸少数民族]]语言以及[[德宏傣语]]([[傣绷文]])。 |
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== |
== 声母 == |
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{|class="wikitable" lang="my" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;" |
{|class="wikitable" lang="my" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;" |
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|- |
|- |
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!rowspan="2" | |
!rowspan="2" | 组名 !! colspan="10" | 有分组 |
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|- |
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! colspan="2"| 不送 |
! colspan="2"| 不送气 (သိထိလ) !! colspan="2"| 送气 (ဓနိတ)!! colspan="4"| 濁音 (လဟု) !! colspan="2"| 鼻音 (နိဂ္ဂဟိတ) |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[軟齶音]]<br/>(ကဏ္ဍဇ)<br/>ကဝဂ |
| rowspan="2"| [[軟齶音]]<br/>(ကဏ္ဍဇ)<br/>ကဝဂ |
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|colspan="2"| ည <br>{{IPA|[ɲa̰]}} |
|colspan="2"| ည <br>{{IPA|[ɲa̰]}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[ |
| rowspan="2"| [[齿齦音]]<br/>(မုဒ္ဒဇ)<br/>ဋဝဂ် |
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| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| ဋ |
| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| ဋ |
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| t {{IPA|/t/}} |
| t {{IPA|/t/}} |
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|colspan="2"| ဏကြီး <br>{{IPA|[na̰ dʑí]}} |
|colspan="2"| ဏကြီး <br>{{IPA|[na̰ dʑí]}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[ |
| rowspan="2"| [[齿音]]<br/>(ဒန္တဇ)<br/>တဝဂ် |
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| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| တ |
| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| တ |
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| t {{IPA|/t/}} |
| t {{IPA|/t/}} |
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|colspan="2"| မ <br>{{IPA|[ma̰]}} |
|colspan="2"| မ <br>{{IPA|[ma̰]}} |
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! colspan="11" | |
! colspan="11" | 杂类 |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4"| |
| rowspan="4"| 无分组<br/>(အဝဂ်) |
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| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| ယ |
| bgcolor="#cccccc" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:200%;"| ယ |
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| y {{IPA|/j/}} |
| y {{IPA|/j/}} |
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<sup>1</sup>r在标准缅甸语里的发音是{{IPA|[j]}},和y相同;在一些方言(如[[若开族|若开]]话)里读{{IPA|[r]}}。 |
<sup>1</sup>r在标准缅甸语里的发音是{{IPA|[j]}},和y相同;在一些方言(如[[若开族|若开]]话)里读{{IPA|[r]}}。 |
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== |
== 笔顺 == |
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缅甸文有特定的[[笔顺]]。缅甸字母以圆圈为单位,基本上一个圆圈就是一划,而且必须按照'''顺时钟'''方向。例外的笔顺大多是开口朝上的,这类字母一个圆圈是由两个反方向的笔划构成的。须用特殊笔顺的字母包括:ပ、ဖ、ဗ、မ、ယ、လ、ဟ、ဃ、ဎ、ဏ。不同版本可能会有些微差异。 |
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关于缅甸文笔顺,可以参考《ပထမတန်း မြန်မာဖတ်စာ ၂၀၁၇-၂၀၁၈》一书,该书由缅甸教育部(ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်အစိုးရ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန)出版,透过[[联合国教科文组织]]的LearnBig计划而公开在网路上。<ref>Myanmar Grade 1 Textbook. Ministry of Education, Myanmar. Retrieved 9 March 2020 from https://www.learnbig.net/books/myanmar-grade-1-textbook-2/</ref> |
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其它 |
其它学习笔顺的资源: |
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* 北伊利 |
* 北伊利诺伊大学。<ref>Burmese script lessons. SEASite. Retrieved 9 March 2020 from http://seasite.niu.edu/Burmese/script/script_index.htm</ref> |
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* 缅甸语25子音笔顺动画。中华民国教育部。<!-- removed_ref site146 by WaitSpring-bot (template) --> |
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* 緬甸語25子音筆順動畫。中華民國教育部。<ref>緬甸語25子音筆順動畫. 新住民語文數位學習教材計畫, Ministry of Education, Taiwan. Retrieved 9 March 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHG5O5tNcuTL9VsxDe5hd0JBVJnzdlNHD</ref> |
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== 韵母 == |
== 韵母 == |
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[[File:Burmese Consonant Stroke.jpg|缩略图|右|270px| |
[[File:Burmese Consonant Stroke.jpg|缩略图|右|270px|缅甸文辅音字母的笔划顺序]] |
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{| class="wikitable" lang="my" style="font-family:Arial;" |
{| class="wikitable" lang="my" style="font-family:Arial;" |
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|+ |
|+ 韵母使用 က {{IPA|[k]}} 作为基础字 |
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! 符 |
! 符号 !! IPA !! MLCTS !! 注释 |
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|- |
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|က || {{IPA|[ka̰], [kə]}} || ka. || <!--->{{IPA|[a̰]}} is the [[inherent vowel]], and is not indicated by any diacritic. In theory, virtually any written syllable that is not the final syllable of a word can be pronounced with the vowel {{IPA|[ə]}} (with no tone and no syllable-final {{IPA|[-ʔ]}} or {{IPA|[-ɴ]}}) as its rhyme. In practice, the bare consonant letter alone is the most common way of spelling syllables whose rhyme is {{IPA|[ə]}}.<---> |
|က || {{IPA|[ka̰], [kə]}} || ka. || <!--->{{IPA|[a̰]}} is the [[inherent vowel]], and is not indicated by any diacritic. In theory, virtually any written syllable that is not the final syllable of a word can be pronounced with the vowel {{IPA|[ə]}} (with no tone and no syllable-final {{IPA|[-ʔ]}} or {{IPA|[-ɴ]}}) as its rhyme. In practice, the bare consonant letter alone is the most common way of spelling syllables whose rhyme is {{IPA|[ə]}}.<---> |
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|ကွမ်း || {{IPA|[kʊ́ɴ]}} || kwam: || |
|ကွမ်း || {{IPA|[kʊ́ɴ]}} || kwam: || |
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|} |
|} |
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{{reflist|group=*}} |
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== Unicode == |
== Unicode == |
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为缅甸语和缅甸其他语言指派的 [[Unicode]] 范围有三,分别是最早于 Unicode 3.0 加入的缅文区域、Unicode 5.2 加入的扩展 A 和 Unicode 7.0 加入的扩展 B。 |
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{{Unicode chart Myanmar}} |
{{Unicode chart Myanmar}} |
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{{Unicode chart Myanmar Extended-A}} |
{{Unicode chart Myanmar Extended-A}} |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== 外部 |
== 外部链接 == |
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* [http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/tn11-4.html Representing Myanmar in Unicode [用Unicode表达缅文]] (Unicode Technical Note no. 11) |
* [http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/tn11-4.html Representing Myanmar in Unicode [用Unicode表达缅文]] (Unicode Technical Note no. 11) |
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* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/burmese.htm Burmese/Myanmar script and pronunciation] at Omniglot |
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/burmese.htm Burmese/Myanmar script and pronunciation] at Omniglot |
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* [http://rishida.net/scripts/pickers/myanmar/ Myanmar Unicode Character Picker] |
* [http://rishida.net/scripts/pickers/myanmar/ Myanmar Unicode Character Picker] |
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* [ |
* [http://www.mmlt.org/portal/myanmar-unicode-public-awareness Myanmar Unicode Implementation Public Awareness] |
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* [ |
* [http://www.myanmarnlp.net.mm/ Myanmar3 keyboard layout] |
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* [ |
* [http://www.thanlwinsoft.org/ThanLwinSoft/Downloads/ myWin2.2] |
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* [http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/burmese.pdf ALA-LC romanization system for Burmese] |
* [http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/burmese.pdf ALA-LC romanization system for Burmese] |
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* [ |
* [http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/Romanization/Romanization_Burmese.pdf BGN/PCGN romanization system for Burmese] |
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* [https://www.academia.edu/41452613/The_Burmese_Tamarind_Script The Burmese Tamarind Script] |
* [https://www.academia.edu/41452613/The_Burmese_Tamarind_Script The Burmese Tamarind Script] |
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=== 支持 |
=== 支持缅甸文的字体 === |
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* [http://www.myanmars.net/unicode/ Burmese Unicode & NLP Research Centre] |
* [http://www.myanmars.net/unicode/ Burmese Unicode & NLP Research Centre] |
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* [ |
* [http://www.parabaik.info/ Parabaik Myanmar Unicode Project GPLed and OFLed] |
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* |
* Noto Sans Myanmar |
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* [http://scripts.sil.org/Padauk Padauk] |
* [http://scripts.sil.org/Padauk Padauk] |
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[[Category:婆 |
[[Category:婆罗米系文字]] |
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[[Category:缅甸语]] |
[[Category:缅甸语]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:亚洲文字]] |