字节：修订间差异

求闻百科，共笔求闻
交互式浏览历史
添加的内容 删除的内容
可视化wikitext
小 （机器人：更改已重定向的分类 資訊單位到信息单位）
小 （机器人：清理不当的来源；移除无用的模板参数；替换{{reflist}}等模板参数；替换裸露的<references />）
 
第16行： 第16行：
== 參考資料 ==
== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Buchholz_1962">{{anchor|Buchholz-1962}}{{cite |title=Planning a Computer System – Project Stretch |author-first1=Gerrit Anne |author-last1=Blaauw |author-link1=Gerrit Anne Blaauw |author-first2=Frederick Phillips |author-last2=Brooks, Jr. |author-link2=Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. |author-first3=Werner |author-last3=Buchholz |author-link3=Werner Buchholz |editor-first=Werner |editor-last=Buchholz |editor-link=Werner Buchholz |publisher=[[麦格劳-希尔集团|McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.]] / The Maple Press Company, York, PA. |lccn=61-10466 |year=1962 |chapter=4: Natural Data Units |format=PDF |pages=39–40 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/Stretch/pdfs/Buchholz_102636426.pdf |access-date=2017-04-03 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403014651/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/Stretch/pdfs/Buchholz_102636426.pdf |archive-date=2017-04-03 |quote=[…] Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to ''[[位元|bit]]'', are listed below.<br />''Byte'' denotes a group of bits used to encode a character, or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than ''[[字符|character]]'' is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual characters. (The term is coined from ''[[bite]]'', but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to ''bit''.)<br />A ''[[字 (计算机)|word]]'' consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle. [[字 (计算机)|Word size]] is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term ''[[字 (计算机)|catena]]'' was coined for this purpose by the designers of the [[布爾電腦|Bull]] [[fr]] computer.)<br />''[[块 (数据存储)|Block]]'' refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program. […] }}</ref>
<ref name="Buchholz_1962">{{anchor|Buchholz-1962}}{{cite |title=Planning a Computer System – Project Stretch |author-first1=Gerrit Anne |author-last1=Blaauw ||author-first2=Frederick Phillips |author-last2=Brooks, Jr. ||author-first3=Werner |author-last3=Buchholz ||editor-first=Werner |editor-last=Buchholz ||publisher=[[麦格劳-希尔集团|McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.]] / The Maple Press Company, York, PA. |lccn=61-10466 |year=1962 |chapter=4: Natural Data Units |format=PDF |pages=39–40 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/Stretch/pdfs/Buchholz_102636426.pdf |access-date=2017-04-03 ||||quote=[…] Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to ''[[位元|bit]]'', are listed below.<br />''Byte'' denotes a group of bits used to encode a character, or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than ''[[字符|character]]'' is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual characters. (The term is coined from ''[[bite]]'', but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to ''bit''.)<br />A ''[[字 (计算机)|word]]'' consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle. [[字 (计算机)|Word size]] is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term ''[[字 (计算机)|catena]]'' was coined for this purpose by the designers of the [[布爾電腦|Bull]] [[fr]] computer.)<br />''[[块 (数据存储)|Block]]'' refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program. […] }}</ref>
<ref name="Bemer_1959">{{cite |author-first=Robert William |author-last=Bemer |author-link=Robert William Bemer |title=A proposal for a generalized card code of 256 characters |journal=[[ACM通讯|Communications of the ACM]] |volume=2 |number=9 |pages=19–23 |year=1959 |doi=10.1145/368424.368435}}</ref>}}
<ref name="Bemer_1959">{{cite |author-first=Robert William |author-last=Bemer ||title=A proposal for a generalized card code of 256 characters |journal=[[ACM通讯|Communications of the ACM]] |volume=2 |number=9 |pages=19–23 |year=1959 |doi=10.1145/368424.368435}}</ref>}}


== 延伸閱讀 ==
== 延伸閱讀 ==
{{refbegin|2}}
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |title=Einführung in die digitale Datenverarbeitung |language=de |trans-title=Introduction to digital information processing |author-first=Hans Jörg |author-last=Tafel |publisher=[[Carl Hanser Verlag]] |date=1971 |location=[[亚琛工业大学|RWTH]], Aachen, Germany |publication-place=Munich, Germany |isbn=3-446-10569-7 |page=300 |quote=Byte = zusammengehörige Folge von i.a. neun Bits; davon sind acht Datenbits, das neunte ein Prüfbit}} (NB. Defines a byte as a group of typically 9 bits; 8 data bits plus 1 parity bit.)
* {{cite book |title=Einführung in die digitale Datenverarbeitung |language=de |trans-title=Introduction to digital information processing |author-first=Hans Jörg |author-last=Tafel |publisher=[[Carl Hanser Verlag]] |date=1971 |location=[[亚琛工业大学|RWTH]], Aachen, Germany |publication-place=Munich, Germany |isbn=3-446-10569-7 |page=300 |quote=Byte = zusammengehörige Folge von i.a. neun Bits; davon sind acht Datenbits, das neunte ein Prüfbit}} (NB. Defines a byte as a group of typically 9 bits; 8 data bits plus 1 parity bit.)
* {{cite book |title=Programming with the PDP-10 Instruction Set |series=PDP-10 System Reference Manual |date=August 1969 |volume=1 |publisher=[[迪吉多|Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp10/1970_PDP-10_Ref/1970PDP10Ref_Part1.pdf |access-date=2017-04-05 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405154620/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/dec/pdp10/1970_PDP-10_Ref/1970PDP10Ref_Part1.pdf |archive-date=2017-04-05 }}
* {{cite book |title=Programming with the PDP-10 Instruction Set |series=PDP-10 System Reference Manual |date=August 1969 |volume=1 |publisher=[[迪吉多|Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp10/1970_PDP-10_Ref/1970PDP10Ref_Part1.pdf |access-date=2017-04-05 |||}}
* {{cite web |title=Computer History Museum – Exhibits – Internet History – 1964: Internet History 1962 to 1992 |publisher=[[计算机历史博物馆|Computer History Museum]] |date=2017 |orig-year=2015 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/#1964 |access-date=2017-04-03 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403115211/http://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/#1964 |archive-date=2017-04-03 }}
* {{cite web |title=Computer History Museum – Exhibits – Internet History – 1964: Internet History 1962 to 1992 |publisher=[[计算机历史博物馆|Computer History Museum]] |date=2017 |orig-year=2015 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/#1964 |access-date=2017-04-03 |||}}
* {{cite web |title=Metric-Interchange-Format |author-first=Aubrey |author-last=Jaffer |author-link=Aubrey Jaffer |date=2011 |orig-year=2008 |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/jaffer/MIXF |access-date=2017-04-03 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403121705/https://people.csail.mit.edu/jaffer/MIXF/ |archive-date=2017-04-03 }}
* {{cite web |title=Metric-Interchange-Format |author-first=Aubrey |author-last=Jaffer ||date=2011 |orig-year=2008 |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/jaffer/MIXF |access-date=2017-04-03 |||}}
* {{cite web |title=The TCP/IP Guide – Binary Information and Representation: Bits, Bytes, Nibbles, Octets and Characters – Byte versus Octet |version=3.0 |date=2005-09-20 |orig-year=2001 |author-first=Charles M. |author-last=Kozierok |url=http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_BinaryInformationandRepresentationBitsBytesNibbles-3.htm |access-date=2017-04-03 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403122042/http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_BinaryInformationandRepresentationBitsBytesNibbles-3.htm |archive-date=2017-04-03 }}
* {{cite web |title=The TCP/IP Guide – Binary Information and Representation: Bits, Bytes, Nibbles, Octets and Characters – Byte versus Octet |version=3.0 |date=2005-09-20 |orig-year=2001 |author-first=Charles M. |author-last=Kozierok |url=http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_BinaryInformationandRepresentationBitsBytesNibbles-3.htm |access-date=2017-04-03 |||}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


第32行： 第32行：


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部連結 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151108075518/http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=8&baseC=-1&page=0&month=-1&year=-1&search=&RegNum=1&DocOnPageCount=15&id=121963&pageK=AF861D4F-E5F6-41B1-9374-398968A21BE3 ГОСТ 8.417-2002 | Страница 19] {{ru}}
* [http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=8&baseC=-1&page=0&month=-1&year=-1&search=&RegNum=1&DocOnPageCount=15&id=121963&pageK=AF861D4F-E5F6-41B1-9374-398968A21BE3 ГОСТ 8.417-2002 | Страница 19] {{ru}}


{{Pns|state=collapsed}}
{{Pns|state=collapsed}}
取自“https://www.qiuwenbaike.cn/wiki/字节”