利兹：修订间差异 - 求闻百科，共笔求闻

第55行：

|leader_name = [[利茲市議會]]

|leader_title1 = [[市長]]

|leader_name1 = Cllr Tom Murray ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=213 |title=moderngov |publisher=Democracy.leeds.gov.uk |date=~~6 February~~ 2013 |accessdate=12 ~~March 2013~~ |||}}</ref>

|leader_name1 = Cllr Tom Murray ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=213 |title=moderngov |publisher=Democracy.leeds.gov.uk |date=2013-02-06 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |||}}</ref>

|leader_title2 = 議會領袖

|leader_name2 = Cllr Keith Wakefield ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])

第135行：

}}

{{地区用词|start={{lang-en|Leeds}}|cn=利兹|tw=里茲|hk=列斯}}，[[英國]][[英格兰]][[西约克郡]]的大城市。依傍[[艾爾河 (英國)|艾尔河]]（River Aire）旁的利茲，[[利茲市]]（City of Leeds）是行政中樞所在地。2011年預計有757,700人<ref name="自动生成1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d3b908ca-8257-11e2-843e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2MWAemejV |title=Leeds gains first large shops development |publisher=FT.com |date=~~3 March~~ 2013 |accessdate=~~12 March~~ 2013 |||}}</ref><ref name="BUA">{{cite web| url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx| title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work=| publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]| accessdate=~~5 July~~ 2013| | | }}</ref>，使其成為[[英國城市列表|英國第三大城市]]。<ref name="自动生成1" /><ref name="BUA"/>

{{地区用词|start={{lang-en|Leeds}}|cn=利兹|tw=里茲|hk=列斯}}，[[英國]][[英格兰]][[西约克郡]]的大城市。依傍[[艾爾河 (英國)|艾尔河]]（River Aire）旁的利茲，[[利茲市]]（City of Leeds）是行政中樞所在地。2011年預計有757,700人<ref name="自动生成1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d3b908ca-8257-11e2-843e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2MWAemejV |title=Leeds gains first large shops development |publisher=FT.com |date=2013-03-03 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |||}}</ref><ref name="BUA">{{cite web| url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx| title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work=| publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]| accessdate=2013-07-05| | | }}</ref>，使其成為[[英國城市列表|英國第三大城市]]。<ref name="自动生成1" /><ref name="BUA"/>

利茲的歷史可以追溯到公元前五世紀的[[艾爾麥特王國]]（Elmet），這個古王國的領土上有一片名為“Loidis”的森林，這即是“Leeds”一名的起源。隨後的數個世紀中統治者不斷更迭，13世紀形成現在的格局。17和18世紀的利茲是英國的羊毛生產交易中心。[[工業革命]]時發展成為工業城，亞麻織造、鑄鐵、印刷等漸漸取代了羊毛織造業的地位。<ref>{{Harvnb|Burt and Grady|1994|p=92}}</ref>

現在的利茲是[[全球城市|Gamma級全球城市]]<ref name="TheWorld">{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|accessdate=~~18 September~~ 2011|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|||}}</ref>，是[[西約克郡都會區]]的文化、金融和商業中心<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetware.com/england/leeds-eng-wy-lee.htm |title=Leeds Tourism |publisher=Planet Ware Travel Guide |accessdate=~~1 February~~ 2009 |||}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/businessnews/Leeds-stakes-its-claim-to.1864465.jp |title= Leeds stakes it claim to financial hub |publisher=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk |accessdate=~~1 February~~ 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bookinghome.com/en/United_Kingdom/England/Leeds-Hotels.html |title=About Leeds |publisher=www.bookinghime.com |accessdate=~~1 February~~ 2009 |||}}</ref><ref name="BrookingsMetroEconomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global MetroMonitor|accessdate=~~23 December~~ 2013|last1=Istrate|first1=Emilia|last2=Nadeau|first2=Carey Anne|date=~~November~~ 2012|place=Washington, DC|publisher=The Brookings Institution|||}}</ref>。利茲有四所大學，全市的學生人口超過了二十五萬。

現在的利茲是[[全球城市|Gamma級全球城市]]<ref name="TheWorld">{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|accessdate=2011-09-18|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|||}}</ref>，是[[西約克郡都會區]]的文化、金融和商業中心<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetware.com/england/leeds-eng-wy-lee.htm |title=Leeds Tourism |publisher=Planet Ware Travel Guide |accessdate=2009-02-01 |||}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/businessnews/Leeds-stakes-its-claim-to.1864465.jp |title= Leeds stakes it claim to financial hub |publisher=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk |accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bookinghome.com/en/United_Kingdom/England/Leeds-Hotels.html |title=About Leeds |publisher=www.bookinghime.com |accessdate=2009-02-01 |||}}</ref><ref name="BrookingsMetroEconomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global MetroMonitor|accessdate=2013-12-23|last1=Istrate|first1=Emilia|last2=Nadeau|first2=Carey Anne|date=2012-11|place=Washington, DC|publisher=The Brookings Institution|||}}</ref>。利茲有四所大學，全市的學生人口超過了二十五萬。

== 历史 ==

第146行：

=== 語源學 ===

“Leeds”一名來覆蓋古王國[[艾爾麥特]]大部分地區的森林“Loidis”，這片森林存在於五世紀到七世紀早期。<ref name="Fletcher">{{Cite book|last=Fletcher|first=J. S.|year=1919|title=The Story of English Towns: Leeds|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|location=London|oclc=221589888||accessdate=22 ~~July 2009~~}}</ref>[[比德]]在《[[英吉利教會史]]》第十四章曾提到“Loidis”。利茲人在當地稱“Loiner”，這個詞的具體起源不詳。<ref name=loiner>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/01/06/voices2005_loiner_feature.shtml |title=Loiners of the world unite! |publisher=BBC |date=22 ~~August 2005~~ |accessdate=27 ~~September 2009~~ |||}}</ref>

“Leeds”一名來覆蓋古王國[[艾爾麥特]]大部分地區的森林“Loidis”，這片森林存在於五世紀到七世紀早期。<ref name="Fletcher">{{Cite book|last=Fletcher|first=J. S.|year=1919|title=The Story of English Towns: Leeds|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|location=London|oclc=221589888||accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref>[[比德]]在《[[英吉利教會史]]》第十四章曾提到“Loidis”。利茲人在當地稱“Loiner”，這個詞的具體起源不詳。<ref name=loiner>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/01/06/voices2005_loiner_feature.shtml |title=Loiners of the world unite! |publisher=BBC |date=2005-08-22 |accessdate=2009-09-27 |||}}</ref>

=== 早期 ===

第160行：

== 氣候 ==

利玆屬於[[海洋性氣候]]，氣溫較低，平均溫度為{{convert|16|°C|0|abbr=on}}，但全年起伏不大，{{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}}以上高溫和{{convert|-10|°C|0|abbr=on}}以下低溫都比較罕見<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/local-west-yorkshire-news/2010/12/03/huddersfield-temperature-verified-at-11-in-waterloo-last-night-plus-forecast-for-the-weekend-86081-27762073/ |title=Huddersfield temperature verified at −11 in Waterloo last night – plus forecast for the weekend – Local West Yorkshire News – News – Huddersfield Examiner |publisher=Examiner.co.uk |accessdate=~~5 August~~ 2011 |||}}</ref>。雖然氣候較爲溫和，但偶爾也有暴雪或其他極端天氣出現。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/5347064.stm |title=UK | England | West Yorkshire | Tornado hits during freak storm |publisher=BBC News |date=14 ~~September 2006~~ |accessdate=~~5 August~~ 2011 |||}}</ref>

利玆屬於[[海洋性氣候]]，氣溫較低，平均溫度為{{convert|16|°C|0|abbr=on}}，但全年起伏不大，{{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}}以上高溫和{{convert|-10|°C|0|abbr=on}}以下低溫都比較罕見<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/local-west-yorkshire-news/2010/12/03/huddersfield-temperature-verified-at-11-in-waterloo-last-night-plus-forecast-for-the-weekend-86081-27762073/ |title=Huddersfield temperature verified at −11 in Waterloo last night – plus forecast for the weekend – Local West Yorkshire News – News – Huddersfield Examiner |publisher=Examiner.co.uk |accessdate=2011-08-05 |||}}</ref>。雖然氣候較爲溫和，但偶爾也有暴雪或其他極端天氣出現。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/5347064.stm |title=UK | England | West Yorkshire | Tornado hits during freak storm |publisher=BBC News |date=2006-09-14 |accessdate=2011-08-05 |||}}</ref>

第218行：

|url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwfhf1w0

|title = Leeds climate

|accessdate = ~~11 January~~ 2017

|accessdate = 2017-01-11

|

@@ 第55行： / 第55行： @@
 |leader_name = [[利茲市議會]]
 |leader_title1 = [[市長]]
-|leader_name1 = Cllr Tom Murray ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=213 |title=moderngov |publisher=Democracy.leeds.gov.uk |date=6 February 2013 |accessdate=12 March 2013 |||}}</ref>
+|leader_name1 = Cllr Tom Murray ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=213 |title=moderngov |publisher=Democracy.leeds.gov.uk |date=2013-02-06 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |||}}</ref>
 |leader_title2 = 議會領袖
 |leader_name2 = Cllr Keith Wakefield ([[工黨 (英國)|L]])
@@ 第135行： / 第135行： @@
 }}
-{{地区用词|start={{lang-en|Leeds}}|cn=利兹|tw=里茲|hk=列斯}}，[[英國]][[英格兰]][[西约克郡]]的大城市。依傍[[艾爾河 (英國)|艾尔河]]（River Aire）旁的利茲，[[利茲市]]（City of Leeds）是行政中樞所在地。2011年預計有757,700人<ref name="自动生成1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d3b908ca-8257-11e2-843e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2MWAemejV |title=Leeds gains first large shops development |publisher=FT.com |date=3 March 2013 |accessdate=12 March 2013 |||}}</ref><ref name="BUA">{{cite web| url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx| title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work=| publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]| accessdate=5 July 2013| | | }}</ref>，使其成為[[英國城市列表|英國第三大城市]]。<ref name="自动生成1" /><ref name="BUA"/>
+{{地区用词|start={{lang-en|Leeds}}|cn=利兹|tw=里茲|hk=列斯}}，[[英國]][[英格兰]][[西约克郡]]的大城市。依傍[[艾爾河 (英國)|艾尔河]]（River Aire）旁的利茲，[[利茲市]]（City of Leeds）是行政中樞所在地。2011年預計有757,700人<ref name="自动生成1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d3b908ca-8257-11e2-843e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2MWAemejV |title=Leeds gains first large shops development |publisher=FT.com |date=2013-03-03 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |||}}</ref><ref name="BUA">{{cite web| url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx| title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work=| publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]| accessdate=2013-07-05| | | }}</ref>，使其成為[[英國城市列表|英國第三大城市]]。<ref name="自动生成1" /><ref name="BUA"/>
 利茲的歷史可以追溯到公元前五世紀的[[艾爾麥特王國]]（Elmet），這個古王國的領土上有一片名為“Loidis”的森林，這即是“Leeds”一名的起源。隨後的數個世紀中統治者不斷更迭，13世紀形成現在的格局。17和18世紀的利茲是英國的羊毛生產交易中心。[[工業革命]]時發展成為工業城，亞麻織造、鑄鐵、印刷等漸漸取代了羊毛織造業的地位。<ref>{{Harvnb|Burt and Grady|1994|p=92}}</ref>
-現在的利茲是[[全球城市|Gamma級全球城市]]<ref name="TheWorld">{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|accessdate=18 September 2011|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|||}}</ref>，是[[西約克郡都會區]]的文化、金融和商業中心<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetware.com/england/leeds-eng-wy-lee.htm |title=Leeds Tourism |publisher=Planet Ware Travel Guide |accessdate=1 February 2009 |||}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/businessnews/Leeds-stakes-its-claim-to.1864465.jp |title= Leeds stakes it claim to financial hub |publisher=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk |accessdate=1 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bookinghome.com/en/United_Kingdom/England/Leeds-Hotels.html |title=About Leeds |publisher=www.bookinghime.com |accessdate=1 February 2009 |||}}</ref><ref name="BrookingsMetroEconomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global MetroMonitor|accessdate=23 December 2013|last1=Istrate|first1=Emilia|last2=Nadeau|first2=Carey Anne|date=November 2012|place=Washington, DC|publisher=The Brookings Institution|||}}</ref>。利茲有四所大學，全市的學生人口超過了二十五萬。
+現在的利茲是[[全球城市|Gamma級全球城市]]<ref name="TheWorld">{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|accessdate=2011-09-18|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|||}}</ref>，是[[西約克郡都會區]]的文化、金融和商業中心<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetware.com/england/leeds-eng-wy-lee.htm |title=Leeds Tourism |publisher=Planet Ware Travel Guide |accessdate=2009-02-01 |||}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/businessnews/Leeds-stakes-its-claim-to.1864465.jp |title= Leeds stakes it claim to financial hub |publisher=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk |accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bookinghome.com/en/United_Kingdom/England/Leeds-Hotels.html |title=About Leeds |publisher=www.bookinghime.com |accessdate=2009-02-01 |||}}</ref><ref name="BrookingsMetroEconomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global MetroMonitor|accessdate=2013-12-23|last1=Istrate|first1=Emilia|last2=Nadeau|first2=Carey Anne|date=2012-11|place=Washington, DC|publisher=The Brookings Institution|||}}</ref>。利茲有四所大學，全市的學生人口超過了二十五萬。
 == 历史 ==
@@ 第146行： / 第146行： @@
 === 語源學 ===
-“Leeds”一名來覆蓋古王國[[艾爾麥特]]大部分地區的森林“Loidis”，這片森林存在於五世紀到七世紀早期。<ref name="Fletcher">{{Cite book|last=Fletcher|first=J. S.|year=1919|title=The Story of English Towns: Leeds|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|location=London|oclc=221589888||accessdate=22 July 2009}}</ref>[[比德]]在《[[英吉利教會史]]》第十四章曾提到“Loidis”。利茲人在當地稱“Loiner”，這個詞的具體起源不詳。<ref name=loiner>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/01/06/voices2005_loiner_feature.shtml |title=Loiners of the world unite! |publisher=BBC |date=22 August 2005 |accessdate=27 September 2009 |||}}</ref>
+“Leeds”一名來覆蓋古王國[[艾爾麥特]]大部分地區的森林“Loidis”，這片森林存在於五世紀到七世紀早期。<ref name="Fletcher">{{Cite book|last=Fletcher|first=J. S.|year=1919|title=The Story of English Towns: Leeds|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|location=London|oclc=221589888||accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref>[[比德]]在《[[英吉利教會史]]》第十四章曾提到“Loidis”。利茲人在當地稱“Loiner”，這個詞的具體起源不詳。<ref name=loiner>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/01/06/voices2005_loiner_feature.shtml |title=Loiners of the world unite! |publisher=BBC |date=2005-08-22 |accessdate=2009-09-27 |||}}</ref>
 === 早期 ===
@@ 第160行： / 第160行： @@
 == 氣候 ==
-利玆屬於[[海洋性氣候]]，氣溫較低，平均溫度為{{convert|16|°C|0|abbr=on}}，但全年起伏不大，{{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}}以上高溫和{{convert|-10|°C|0|abbr=on}}以下低溫都比較罕見<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/local-west-yorkshire-news/2010/12/03/huddersfield-temperature-verified-at-11-in-waterloo-last-night-plus-forecast-for-the-weekend-86081-27762073/ |title=Huddersfield temperature verified at −11 in Waterloo last night – plus forecast for the weekend – Local West Yorkshire News – News – Huddersfield Examiner |publisher=Examiner.co.uk |accessdate=5 August 2011 |||}}</ref>。雖然氣候較爲溫和，但偶爾也有暴雪或其他極端天氣出現。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/5347064.stm |title=UK &#124; England &#124; West Yorkshire &#124; Tornado hits during freak storm |publisher=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |accessdate=5 August 2011 |||}}</ref>
+利玆屬於[[海洋性氣候]]，氣溫較低，平均溫度為{{convert|16|°C|0|abbr=on}}，但全年起伏不大，{{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}}以上高溫和{{convert|-10|°C|0|abbr=on}}以下低溫都比較罕見<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/local-west-yorkshire-news/2010/12/03/huddersfield-temperature-verified-at-11-in-waterloo-last-night-plus-forecast-for-the-weekend-86081-27762073/ |title=Huddersfield temperature verified at −11 in Waterloo last night – plus forecast for the weekend – Local West Yorkshire News – News – Huddersfield Examiner |publisher=Examiner.co.uk |accessdate=2011-08-05 |||}}</ref>。雖然氣候較爲溫和，但偶爾也有暴雪或其他極端天氣出現。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/5347064.stm |title=UK &#124; England &#124; West Yorkshire &#124; Tornado hits during freak storm |publisher=BBC News |date=2006-09-14 |accessdate=2011-08-05 |||}}</ref>
 {{stack begin | align=center | clear=false | float=center}}
@@ 第218行： / 第218行： @@
 |url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwfhf1w0
 |title = Leeds climate
-|accessdate = 11 January 2017
+|accessdate = 2017-01-11
 |
 |