波音CST-100星际航线

**波音CST-100星际航线**
	在宇宙神5型运载火箭之上的CST-100，于首次飞行测试
制造	波音
国家	美国
营运	波音
应用	载人太空
技术指标
航天器类型	载人飞船
设计寿命	60 hours (free flight); 210 days (docked);
发射重量	13,000千克（29,000磅）
乘员	7
尺寸	直径 (CM): 4.56米（15.0英尺）; 长度（指令舱-服务舱）: 5.03米（16.5英尺）;
体积	11
轨道	近地轨道
生产
状态	研发测试中
首次发射	2019年12月20日东部时间6:36（无人）

波音CST-100星际航线（英语：Starliner）是波音公司为美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的商业载人航天发展计划研制的（载人）飞船。其主要用途是运送乘客至国际空间站^[5]以及诸如毕格罗这样的私人太空站^[6]。

星际航线设计上类似洛克希德·马丁公司为NASA开发的猎户座飞船^[7]。飞船直径为4.56米（15.0英尺）^[3]，比阿波罗飞船指令舱稍粗，较猎户座飞船稍细^[8]。飞船能搭载多达七人的庞大机组、在轨最久七个月、最多可重复使用到第十次任务^[9]。宇宙神5型、德尔塔-4、猎鹰9号和火神（英语：Vulcan）四型运载火箭均可发射星际航线飞船^[10]^[11]。

星际航线于2019年12月20日从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角 SLC-41发射工位使用擎天神V运载火箭^[12]完成了处女航。试飞时因飞船任务的计时器错误，导致燃烧过多的推进剂，偏离了原定航线而无法到达国际空间站，并于22日提早6天返回地球。^[13]^[14]^[15]

机组

美国国家航空航天局于2018年8月3日宣布了星际航线首次飞行任务成员名单^[16]^[17]。Eric Boe最初名列其中，但于2019年1月出于“个人医疗原因”被Michael Fincke换下^[18]。

首批测试任务成员：Michael Fincke, Christopher Ferguson, Nicole Aunapu Mann
首次例行任务成员：Sunita Williams, Josh Cassada, Thomas Pesquet, Andrei Borisenko

太空旅游

太空探险公司称已获得授权，待飞船开始执行常规任务后即可出售乘坐星际航线前往国际空间站的船票^[19]。

参见

猎户座飞船
龙飞船2号
逐梦者太空飞机, 一型在研载人航天飞机
雄鹰号（俄语：Орёл），俄罗斯在研的载人飞船
新谢泼德火箭

参考文献

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Reiley, Keith; Burghardt, Michael; Wood, Michael; Ingham, Jay; Lembeck, Michael. Design Considerations for a Commercial Crew Transportation System (PDF). AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference & Exposition. September 27–29, 2011. Long Beach, California. 2011 [May 9, 2014]. doi:10.2514/6.2011-7101.
↑ Carreau, Mark. Boeing Refines CST-100 Commercial Crew Capsule Approach. Aviation Week. July 24, 2013 [May 8, 2014].
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Burghardt, Mike. Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System (PDF). Boeing. August 2011 [May 8, 2014].
↑ Krebs, Gunther. Starliner (CST-100). Gunthers Space Page. April 2017 [April 11, 2017].
↑ Memi, Edmund G.; Morgan, Adam K. Boeing Submits Proposal for NASA Commercial Crew Transport System (新闻稿). Boeing. September 23, 2009.
↑ Orbital Complex Construction. Bigelow Aerospace. [July 15, 2010].
↑ Chow, Denise. New Boeing Spaceship Targets Commercial Missions. Space.com. June 25, 2010.
↑ Clark, Stephen. Boeing space capsule could be operational by 2015. Spaceflight Now. July 21, 2010 [September 18, 2011].
↑ Boeing: Crew Space Transportation (CST) System. Boeing. [January 25, 2016].
↑ Lindenmoyer, Alan. Commercial Crew and Cargo Program (PDF). 13th Annual FAA Commercial Space Transportation Conference. February 10–11, 2010. Arlington, Virginia. 2010.
↑ Crew Dragon and Starliner: A Look at the Upcoming Astronaut Taxis. Mike Wall, Space.com. 3 August 2018.
↑ Memi, Edmund G.; Rye, Jessica F. Boeing Selects Atlas V Rocket for Initial Commercial Crew Launches (新闻稿). Boeing. August 4, 2011 [October 29, 2011].
↑ 波音“星际客机” 首发失败降落沙漠
↑ Starliner suffers "off-nominal" orbital insertion after launch. Space News. 20 December 2019 [20 December 2019].
↑ Sheetz, Michael. Boeing Starliner fails mission, can’t reach space station after flying into wrong orbit. CNBC. December 20, 2019 [December 20, 2019].
↑ Chavers, Alex. NASA Picks SpaceX and Boeing's First Crew. News Ledge. January 9, 2017 [August 3, 2018].
↑ NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft. NASA. August 3, 2018 [August 3, 2018].
↑ Gebhardt, Chris. NASA announces test flight crew change for Boeing's Starliner. NASASpaceFlight.com. January 22, 2019 [January 23, 2019].
↑ Space Station Experience.

外部链接

CST-100 Starliner at Boeing.com
YouTube上的Boeing/Bigelow Crew Space Transport Vehicle by Boeing (2010)
YouTube上的Boeing Unveils America's First Space Taxi, Unlocks Possibilities for Future by Boeing (2014)

[Reiley2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Reiley, Keith; Burghardt, Michael; Wood, Michael; Ingham, Jay; Lembeck, Michael. Design Considerations for a Commercial Crew Transportation System (PDF). AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference & Exposition. September 27–29, 2011. Long Beach, California. 2011 [May 9, 2014]. doi:10.2514/6.2011-7101.

[avweek20130724-2] Carreau, Mark. Boeing Refines CST-100 Commercial Crew Capsule Approach. Aviation Week. July 24, 2013 [May 8, 2014].

[boeing201108-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Burghardt, Mike. Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System (PDF). Boeing. August 2011 [May 8, 2014].

[gunther-4] Krebs, Gunther. Starliner (CST-100). Gunthers Space Page. April 2017 [April 11, 2017].

[5] Memi, Edmund G.; Morgan, Adam K. Boeing Submits Proposal for NASA Commercial Crew Transport System (新闻稿). Boeing. September 23, 2009.

[baocc20100715-6] Orbital Complex Construction. Bigelow Aerospace. [July 15, 2010].

[25_June_2010-7] Chow, Denise. New Boeing Spaceship Targets Commercial Missions. Space.com. June 25, 2010.

[sfn_21_7_10-8] Clark, Stephen. Boeing space capsule could be operational by 2015. Spaceflight Now. July 21, 2010 [September 18, 2011].

[boeing20160125-9] Boeing: Crew Space Transportation (CST) System. Boeing. [January 25, 2016].

[lindermoyer201002-10] Lindenmoyer, Alan. Commercial Crew and Cargo Program (PDF). 13th Annual FAA Commercial Space Transportation Conference. February 10–11, 2010. Arlington, Virginia. 2010.

[11] Crew Dragon and Starliner: A Look at the Upcoming Astronaut Taxis. Mike Wall, Space.com. 3 August 2018.

[boeing20110804-12] Memi, Edmund G.; Rye, Jessica F. Boeing Selects Atlas V Rocket for Initial Commercial Crew Launches (新闻稿). Boeing. August 4, 2011 [October 29, 2011].

[13] 波音“星际客机” 首发失败降落沙漠

[:1-14] Starliner suffers "off-nominal" orbital insertion after launch. Space News. 20 December 2019 [20 December 2019].

[:2-15] Sheetz, Michael. Boeing Starliner fails mission, can’t reach space station after flying into wrong orbit. CNBC. December 20, 2019 [December 20, 2019].

[16] Chavers, Alex. NASA Picks SpaceX and Boeing's First Crew. News Ledge. January 9, 2017 [August 3, 2018].

[firstastronauts-17] NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft. NASA. August 3, 2018 [August 3, 2018].

[18] Gebhardt, Chris. NASA announces test flight crew change for Boeing's Starliner. NASASpaceFlight.com. January 22, 2019 [January 23, 2019].

[19] Space Station Experience.

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