烏茲鋼

Crucible steels like wootz steel and Damascus steel exhibit unique banding patterns because of the intermixed ferrite and cementite alloys in the steel.

烏茲鋼（英語：Wootz steel），一種坩堝鋼，特色是會呈現出條紋的樣式，亦是一種高碳鋼，含有碳化物成份，內部結構出現馬氏體或波來鐵。這種鋼材在西元前6世紀在印度被發展出來並出口到其他地區，在不同地區有不同名稱；在中東地區，以烏茲鋼為基礎鍛造出大馬士革鋼。

延伸閲讀

• Srinivasan, Sharada. Wootz crucible steel: a newly discovered production site in South India. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 1994, 5: 49–59. doi:10.5334/pia.60 . 
• Srinivasan, S.; Griffiths, D. South Indian wootz: evidence for high-carbon steel from crucibles from a newly identified site and preliminary comparisons with related finds. Material Issues in Art and Archaeology. 
• Hansson, Staffan. Den skapande människan [The creative mind]. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur AB. 2002: 81. ISBN 978-9-14402-148-5 （瑞典語）. 
• urukku - from the Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras
• Special Issue: History and Characteristics of Wootz Steel in India and Abroad. Indian Journal of History of Science. 2007-09, 42 (3). 
• Srinivasan, Sharada; Ranganathan, Srinivasan. India's Legendary Wootz Steel: an advanced material of the ancient world. Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies and Indian Institute of Science. 2004. 
• Verhoeven, J. D. The Mystery of Damascus Blades. Scientific American. 2001-01, 284 (1): 74–79. Bibcode:2001SciAm.284a..74V. JSTOR 26059015. PMID 11132427. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0101-74. 

外部連結

• Verhoeven, J.D.; Pendray, A.H.; Dauksch, W.E. The key role of impurities in ancient Damascus steel blades. JOM. 1998, 50 (9): 58–64. Bibcode:1998JOM....50i..58V. S2CID 135854276. doi:10.1007/s11837-998-0419-y. 
• Verhoeven, J.D.; Pendray, A.H.; Dauksch, W.E. The continuing study of damascus steel: Bars from the alwar armory. JOM. 2004-09, 56 (9): 17–20. Bibcode:2004JOM....56i..17V. S2CID 137555792. doi:10.1007/s11837-004-0193-4. 
• Verhoeven, J.D. Pattern Formation in Wootz Damascus Steel Swords and Blades (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 2007, 42 (4): 559–574. 
• Wootz Militaria
• Provos, Niels. Wootz Ep 4: Making Wootz Steel. YouTube. 2013-05-03. 
• Loades, Mike; Pendray, Al. The Secrets of Wootz Damascus Steel. YouTube. 2017-11-21. 
• US 5185044,Verhoeven, J.D. & Pendray, A.H.,「Method of making "Damascus" blades」,發表於1993-02-09