几丁质酶：修订间差异 - 求闻百科，共笔求闻

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像纤维素一样，几丁质是一种相对耐降解的生物聚合物，<ref name="Akaki1">{{cite journal|title=Apparent chitin digestibilities in the Eastern screech owl (''Otus asio'') and the American kestrel (''Falco sparverius'')|journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology|issue=4–5|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990301/01)283:4/5<387::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-W|year=2005|volume=283|pages=387–393|vauthors=Akaki C, Duke GE}}</ref>尽管某些鱼类能够消化几丁质，但通常不会被动物消化。<ref name="pmid15556391">{{cite journal|title=Digestive chitinolytic activity in marine fishes of Monterey Bay, California|date=2004-11|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.09.020|volume=139|pages=351–8|pmid=15556391|vauthors=Gutowska MA, Drazen JC, Robison BH|citeseerx=10.1.1.318.6544}}</ref>目前认为，动物的几丁质消化需要细菌共生体和长时间的发酵，类似于[[反刍动物]]的纤维素消化。然而，几丁质酶已经从包括人类在内的某些哺乳动物的胃中分离出来。<ref name="pmid17587796">{{cite journal|title=Human gastric juice contains chitinase that can degrade chitin|journal=Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism|issue=3|doi=10.1159/000104144|year=2007|volume=51|pages=244–51|pmid=17587796|vauthors=Paoletti MG, Norberto L, Damini R, Musumeci S}}</ref>

几丁质酶活性还可以在[[血液|人血]]<ref name="pmid7836450">{{cite journal|title=Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins|date=1995-02|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=5|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198|volume=270|pages=2198–202|pmid=7836450|vauthors=Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes|url=http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|date=1995-12|journal=Infection and Immunity|issue=12|doi=|volume=63|pages=4770–3|pmc=173683|pmid=7591134|vauthors=Escott GM, Adams DJ|access-date=2020-10-05~~|||~~}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134" />和[[软骨]]<ref name="Hakala1">{{cite journal|title=Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family|date=1993-12|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=34|volume=268|pages=25803–10|pmid=8245017|vauthors=Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD}}</ref>中检测到。与植物几丁质酶一样，这可能与病原体抗性有关。<ref name="pmid12071845">{{cite journal|title=The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways|date=2002-07|journal=The Biochemical Journal|issue=Pt 1|doi=10.1042/BJ20020075|volume=365|pages=119–26|pmc=1222662|pmid=12071845|vauthors=Recklies AD, White C, Ling H}}</ref><ref name="Eijk1">{{cite journal|title=Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity|date=2005-11|journal=[[International Immunology]]|issue=11|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh328|volume=17|pages=1505–12|pmid=16214810|vauthors=van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref>

几丁质酶活性还可以在[[血液|人血]]<ref name="pmid7836450">{{cite journal|title=Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins|date=1995-02|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=5|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198|volume=270|pages=2198–202|pmid=7836450|vauthors=Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes|url=http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|date=1995-12|journal=Infection and Immunity|issue=12|doi=|volume=63|pages=4770–3|pmc=173683|pmid=7591134|vauthors=Escott GM, Adams DJ|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134" />和[[软骨]]<ref name="Hakala1">{{cite journal|title=Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family|date=1993-12|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=34|volume=268|pages=25803–10|pmid=8245017|vauthors=Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD}}</ref>中检测到。与植物几丁质酶一样，这可能与病原体抗性有关。<ref name="pmid12071845">{{cite journal|title=The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways|date=2002-07|journal=The Biochemical Journal|issue=Pt 1|doi=10.1042/BJ20020075|volume=365|pages=119–26|pmc=1222662|pmid=12071845|vauthors=Recklies AD, White C, Ling H}}</ref><ref name="Eijk1">{{cite journal|title=Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity|date=2005-11|journal=[[International Immunology]]|issue=11|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh328|volume=17|pages=1505–12|pmid=16214810|vauthors=van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== 临床意义 ==

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几丁质酶天然存在于许多常见食品中。例如，[[香蕉]]，[[栗|栗子]]，[[奇异果]]，[[鳄梨]]，[[木瓜 (蔷薇科)|木瓜]]和[[西红柿]]都含有大量的几丁质酶，可以抵抗真菌和一些[[无脊椎动物]]的入侵。压力或环境信号（例如[[乙烯]]气体）可能会刺激几丁质酶产量的增加。

几丁质酶分子的某些部分，在植物防御中的功能相似，在结构上与[[橡膠|橡胶]][[乳胶]]中的促肝素或其他蛋白质几乎相同，可能会引发一种称为乳胶-水果综合征（latex-fruit syndrome）的过敏交叉反应。<ref>{{cite web|title=Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy|url=http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|work=Division of Medical Devices, Japan|accessdate=2020-10-05~~|||~~}}</ref>

几丁质酶分子的某些部分，在植物防御中的功能相似，在结构上与[[橡膠|橡胶]][[乳胶]]中的促肝素或其他蛋白质几乎相同，可能会引发一种称为乳胶-水果综合征（latex-fruit syndrome）的过敏交叉反应。<ref>{{cite web|title=Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy|url=http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|work=Division of Medical Devices, Japan|accessdate=2020-10-05}}</ref>

== 应用 ==

@@ 第14行： / 第14行： @@
 像纤维素一样，几丁质是一种相对耐降解的生物聚合物，<ref name="Akaki1">{{cite journal|title=Apparent chitin digestibilities in the Eastern screech owl (''Otus asio'') and the American kestrel (''Falco sparverius'')|journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology|issue=4–5|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990301/01)283:4/5<387::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-W|year=2005|volume=283|pages=387–393|vauthors=Akaki C, Duke GE}}</ref>尽管某些鱼类能够消化几丁质，但通常不会被动物消化。<ref name="pmid15556391">{{cite journal|title=Digestive chitinolytic activity in marine fishes of Monterey Bay, California|date=2004-11|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.09.020|volume=139|pages=351–8|pmid=15556391|vauthors=Gutowska MA, Drazen JC, Robison BH|citeseerx=10.1.1.318.6544}}</ref>目前认为，动物的几丁质消化需要细菌共生体和长时间的发酵，类似于[[反刍动物]]的纤维素消化。然而，几丁质酶已经从包括人类在内的某些哺乳动物的胃中分离出来。<ref name="pmid17587796">{{cite journal|title=Human gastric juice contains chitinase that can degrade chitin|journal=Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism|issue=3|doi=10.1159/000104144|year=2007|volume=51|pages=244–51|pmid=17587796|vauthors=Paoletti MG, Norberto L, Damini R, Musumeci S}}</ref>
-几丁质酶活性还可以在[[血液|人血]]<ref name="pmid7836450">{{cite journal|title=Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins|date=1995-02|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=5|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198|volume=270|pages=2198–202|pmid=7836450|vauthors=Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes|url=http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|date=1995-12|journal=Infection and Immunity|issue=12|doi=|volume=63|pages=4770–3|pmc=173683|pmid=7591134|vauthors=Escott GM, Adams DJ|access-date=2020-10-05|||}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134" />和[[软骨]]<ref name="Hakala1">{{cite journal|title=Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family|date=1993-12|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=34|volume=268|pages=25803–10|pmid=8245017|vauthors=Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD}}</ref>中检测到。与植物几丁质酶一样，这可能与病原体抗性有关。<ref name="pmid12071845">{{cite journal|title=The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways|date=2002-07|journal=The Biochemical Journal|issue=Pt 1|doi=10.1042/BJ20020075|volume=365|pages=119–26|pmc=1222662|pmid=12071845|vauthors=Recklies AD, White C, Ling H}}</ref><ref name="Eijk1">{{cite journal|title=Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity|date=2005-11|journal=[[International Immunology]]|issue=11|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh328|volume=17|pages=1505–12|pmid=16214810|vauthors=van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref>
+几丁质酶活性还可以在[[血液|人血]]<ref name="pmid7836450">{{cite journal|title=Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins|date=1995-02|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=5|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198|volume=270|pages=2198–202|pmid=7836450|vauthors=Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes|url=http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|date=1995-12|journal=Infection and Immunity|issue=12|doi=|volume=63|pages=4770–3|pmc=173683|pmid=7591134|vauthors=Escott GM, Adams DJ|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134" />和[[软骨]]<ref name="Hakala1">{{cite journal|title=Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family|date=1993-12|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=34|volume=268|pages=25803–10|pmid=8245017|vauthors=Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD}}</ref>中检测到。与植物几丁质酶一样，这可能与病原体抗性有关。<ref name="pmid12071845">{{cite journal|title=The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways|date=2002-07|journal=The Biochemical Journal|issue=Pt 1|doi=10.1042/BJ20020075|volume=365|pages=119–26|pmc=1222662|pmid=12071845|vauthors=Recklies AD, White C, Ling H}}</ref><ref name="Eijk1">{{cite journal|title=Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity|date=2005-11|journal=[[International Immunology]]|issue=11|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh328|volume=17|pages=1505–12|pmid=16214810|vauthors=van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 == 临床意义 ==
@@ 第31行： / 第31行： @@
 几丁质酶天然存在于许多常见食品中。例如，[[香蕉]]，[[栗|栗子]]，[[奇异果]]，[[鳄梨]]，[[木瓜 (蔷薇科)|木瓜]]和[[西红柿]]都含有大量的几丁质酶，可以抵抗真菌和一些[[无脊椎动物]]的入侵。压力或环境信号（例如[[乙烯]]气体）可能会刺激几丁质酶产量的增加。
-几丁质酶分子的某些部分，在植物防御中的功能相似，在结构上与[[橡膠|橡胶]][[乳胶]]中的促肝素或其他蛋白质几乎相同，可能会引发一种称为乳胶-水果综合征（latex-fruit syndrome）的过敏交叉反应。<ref>{{cite web|title=Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy|url=http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|work=Division of Medical Devices, Japan|accessdate=2020-10-05|||}}</ref>
+几丁质酶分子的某些部分，在植物防御中的功能相似，在结构上与[[橡膠|橡胶]][[乳胶]]中的促肝素或其他蛋白质几乎相同，可能会引发一种称为乳胶-水果综合征（latex-fruit syndrome）的过敏交叉反应。<ref>{{cite web|title=Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy|url=http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|work=Division of Medical Devices, Japan|accessdate=2020-10-05}}</ref>
 == 应用 ==