电阻：修订间差异

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:<math>\mathfrak{r}\ \stackrel{def}{=}\ \frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}I}</math>，
:<math>\mathfrak{r}\ \stackrel{def}{=}\ \frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}I}</math>，


此動態的電阻量適用於計算非歐姆元件，動態電阻的單位一樣也是[[歐姆]]<ref name=horowitz-hill>{{cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Paul|coauthors=Winfield Hill| title=The Art of Electronics |url=https://archive.org/details/artelectronics00horo |edition=2nd |year=1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-37095-7 |page = [https://archive.org/details/artelectronics00horo/page/n31 13] }}</ref>。
此動態的電阻量適用於計算非歐姆元件，動態電阻的單位一樣也是[[歐姆]]<ref name=horowitz-hill>{{cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Paul|coauthors=Winfield Hill| title=The Art of Electronics ||edition=2nd |year=1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-37095-7 |page = [https://archive.org/details/artelectronics00horo/page/n31 13] }}</ref>。


== 溫度對電阻的影響 ==
== 溫度對電阻的影響 ==
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=== 導電體 ===
=== 導電體 ===
[[File:TCR_Copper.png|缩略图|250px|[[銅]]金屬在不同溫度狀況的電阻溫度係數<ref name=handbook>{{Citation | editor = Pender, Harold & Del Mar, William | title = Handbook for Electrical Engineers:a reference book for practicing engineers and students | place = New York | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 1922 | edition = 2nd | pages =pp. 1350, 2094 | url = http://www.archive.org/details/handbookforelect00penduoft
[[File:TCR_Copper.png|缩略图|250px|[[銅]]金屬在不同溫度狀況的電阻溫度係數<ref name=handbook>{{Citation | editor = Pender, Harold & Del Mar, William | title = Handbook for Electrical Engineers:a reference book for practicing engineers and students | place = New York | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 1922 | edition = 2nd | pages =pp. 1350, 2094 |
}}</ref>。]]
}}</ref>。]]
假設[[溫度]]接近[[室溫]]，則典型金屬的電阻<math>R</math>通常與溫度<math>T</math>成[[正比]]<ref>{{Citation | last = Bird | first = John | title = Electrical and electronic principles and technology | publisher = Newnes | year = 2006 | pages = pp. 22-24 | isbn = 9780750685566}}</ref>：
假設[[溫度]]接近[[室溫]]，則典型金屬的電阻<math>R</math>通常與溫度<math>T</math>成[[正比]]<ref>{{Citation | last = Bird | first = John | title = Electrical and electronic principles and technology | publisher = Newnes | year = 2006 | pages = pp. 22-24 | isbn = 9780750685566}}</ref>：
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其中，<math>C_l</math>是比例常數。
其中，<math>C_l</math>是比例常數。


[[File:Electrical Resistance Vs Temperature.png|缩略图|200px|[[水銀]]、[[白金]]、[[黃金]]在不同溫度狀況的電阻<ref>{{Citation | last = 昂內斯 | first = 海克 | author-link = 海克·卡末林·昂內斯 | title = Investigations into the properties of substances at low temperatures, which have led, amongst other things, to the preparation of liquid helium. | publisher = Nobel Lecture | url = http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-lecture.pdf | date = 1913年12月 | accessdate = 2010-12-23 | archive-date = 2006-04-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060425103043/http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-lecture.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>。]]
[[File:Electrical Resistance Vs Temperature.png|缩略图|200px|[[水銀]]、[[白金]]、[[黃金]]在不同溫度狀況的電阻<ref>{{Citation | last = 昂內斯 | first = 海克 | | title = Investigations into the properties of substances at low temperatures, which have led, amongst other things, to the preparation of liquid helium. | publisher = Nobel Lecture | url = http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-lecture.pdf | date = 1913年12月 | accessdate = 2010-12-23 | | | }}</ref>。]]
如右圖所示，當溫度接近[[絕對溫度]]時，[[黃金]]和[[白金]]的電阻趨向於常數；而當溫度小於4.2K時，[[水銀]]的電阻突然從0.002歐姆陡降為10<sup>−6</sup>歐姆，成為[[超導體]]。
如右圖所示，當溫度接近[[絕對溫度]]時，[[黃金]]和[[白金]]的電阻趨向於常數；而當溫度小於4.2K時，[[水銀]]的電阻突然從0.002歐姆陡降為10<sup>−6</sup>歐姆，成為[[超導體]]。


第184行： 第184行：


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部連結 ==
* 克萊門森大學車輛電子實驗室網頁：[https://web.archive.org/web/20100711132344/http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/emc/calculators/Resistance_Calculator/index.html 電阻計算機]{{en}}
* 克萊門森大學車輛電子實驗室網頁：[http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/emc/calculators/Resistance_Calculator/index.html 電阻計算機]{{en}}


{{电磁学}}
{{电磁学}}
取自“https://www.qiuwenbaike.cn/wiki/电阻”