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小 (机器人:替换{{reflist}}等模板参数、替换裸露的<references />) |
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|script=[[汉字]] |
|script=[[汉字]] |
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'''早期官话'''<ref>{{cite journal|title=The nature of the Middle Chinese tones and their development to Early Mandarin|first=E. G.|last=Pulleyblank| |
'''早期官话'''<ref>{{cite journal|title=The nature of the Middle Chinese tones and their development to Early Mandarin|first=E. G.|last=Pulleyblank||journal=Journal of Chinese Linguistics|volume= 6|issue=2|date=1978|page=173-203|trans-title=中古汉语声调的本质和到早期官话的演变|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23752830?seq=1}}</ref>,又称'''近代官话''',是官话历史发展的一个阶段。早期官话与同期的[[粵客贛方言]]等都是从[[中古汉语]]支出的主要分支。早期官话的起点一般定于[[北宋]]或宋末元初(詳见[[宋朝汴洛语音|宋朝汴洛音]]、[[元朝音系]]),包括了[[明清官话]](詳见[[明初官话音系]]、[[明清音系]]),早期官话的研究依据为[[官话白话文]]文献。 |
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== “近代汉语”的辨名 == |
== “近代汉语”的辨名 == |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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| title = A brief history of Mandarin |
| title = A brief history of Mandarin |
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| given = W. South | surname = Coblin | |
| given = W. South | surname = Coblin | |
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| journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society |
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| volume = 120 | issue = 4 | year = 2000a | pages = 537–552 |
| volume = 120 | issue = 4 | year = 2000a | pages = 537–552 |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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| title = Chinese | given = Jerry | surname = Norman | |
| title = Chinese | given = Jerry | surname = Norman | |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1988 |
| publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1988 |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-29653-3 |
| isbn = 978-0-521-29653-3 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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| given = Edwin G. | surname = Pulleyblank | |
| given = Edwin G. | surname = Pulleyblank | |
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| title = Late Middle Chinese, Part II |
| title = Late Middle Chinese, Part II |
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| journal = Asia Major | year = 1971 | volume = 16 | pages = 121–166 |
| journal = Asia Major | year = 1971 | volume = 16 | pages = 121–166 |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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| title = ''Phonology of Old Mandarin'' by F.S. Hsueh |
| title = ''Phonology of Old Mandarin'' by F.S. Hsueh |
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| given = Hugh M. | surname = Stimson | |
| given = Hugh M. | surname = Stimson | |
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| journal = Language | volume = 53 | number = 4 | year = 1977 | pages = 940–944 |
| journal = Language | volume = 53 | number = 4 | year = 1977 | pages = 940–944 |
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| jstor = 412925 | doi=10.2307/412925 |
| jstor = 412925 | doi=10.2307/412925 |