几丁质酶：修订间差异

几丁质生物包括许多细菌<ref name="pmid16332766">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase genes in lake sediments of Ardley Island, Antarctica|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_applied-and-environmental-microbiology_2005-12_71_12/page/7904|date=December 2005|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|issue=12|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.12.7904-7909.2005|volume=71|pages=7904–9|pmc=1317360|pmid=16332766|vauthors=Xiao X, Yin X, Lin J, Sun L, You Z, Wang P, Wang F}}</ref>（例如[[气单胞菌目]]、[[芽孢桿菌属|芽孢杆菌属]]、[[弧菌属]]<ref name="pmid17933912">{{cite journal|title=Conservation of the chitin utilization pathway in the Vibrionaceae|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_applied-and-environmental-microbiology_2008-01_74_1/page/44|date=January 2008|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|issue=1|doi=10.1128/AEM.01412-07|volume=74|pages=44–51|pmc=2223224|pmid=17933912|vauthors=Hunt DE, Gevers D, Vahora NM, Polz MF}}</ref>等）。这些细菌具有[[病原体|致病性]]或者腐食性。它们入侵活的[[节肢动物]]、[[浮游动物]]或[[真菌]]，也可能会降解这些生物的残留物。

几丁质酶活性还可以在[[血液|人血]]<ref name="pmid7836450">{{cite journal|title=Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins|date=February 1995|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=5|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198|volume=270|pages=2198–202|pmid=7836450|vauthors=Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134">{{cite journal|title=Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes|url=http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|date=December 1995|journal=Infection and Immunity|issue=12|doi=|volume=63|pages=4770–3|pmc=173683|pmid=7591134|vauthors=Escott GM, Adams DJ|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213000721/http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7591134|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="pmid7591134" />和[[软骨]]<ref name="Hakala1">{{cite journal|title=Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family|date=December 1993|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|issue=34|volume=268|pages=25803–10|pmid=8245017|vauthors=Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD}}</ref>中检测到。与植物几丁质酶一样，这可能与病原体抗性有关。<ref name="pmid12071845">{{cite journal|title=The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways|date=July 2002|journal=The Biochemical Journal|issue=Pt 1|doi=10.1042/BJ20020075|volume=365|pages=119–26|pmc=1222662|pmid=12071845|vauthors=Recklies AD, White C, Ling H}}</ref><ref name="Eijk1">{{cite journal|title=Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity|date=November 2005|journal=[[International Immunology]]|issue=11|doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh328|volume=17|pages=1505–12|pmid=16214810|vauthors=van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM|doi-access=free}}</ref>

人体产生的几丁质酶（称为“人几丁质酶”）可能与[[过敏]]有关，[[哮喘]]与几丁质酶表达水平提高有关。<ref name="pmid16179638">{{cite journal|title=Polymorphisms and haplotypes of acid mammalian chitinase are associated with bronchial asthma|date=December 2005|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|issue=12|doi=10.1164/rccm.200506-890OC|volume=172|pages=1505–9|pmc=2718453|pmid=16179638|vauthors=Bierbaum S, Nickel R, Koch A, Lau S, Deichmann KA, Wahn U, Superti-Furga A, Heinzmann A}}</ref><ref name="pmid15996009">{{cite journal|title=Increased lungkine and chitinase levels in allergic airway inflammation: a proteomics approach|date=July 2005|journal=Proteomics|issue=11|doi=10.1002/pmic.200401169|volume=5|pages=2799–807|pmid=15996009|vauthors=Zhao J, Zhu H, Wong CH, Leung KY, Wong WS}}</ref><ref name="pmid16159614">{{cite journal|title=Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in T(H)2 inflammation and asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-allergy-and-clinical-immunology_2005-09_116_3/page/497|date=September 2005|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.028|volume=116|pages=497–500|pmid=16159614|vauthors=Elias JA, Homer RJ, Hamid Q, Lee CG}}</ref><ref name="pmid15192232">{{cite journal|title=Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation|date=June 2004|journal=Science|issue=5677|doi=10.1126/science.1095336|volume=304|pages=1678–82|pmid=15192232|vauthors=Zhu Z, Zheng T, Homer RJ, Kim YK, Chen NY, Cohn L, Hamid Q, Elias JA}}</ref><ref name="chupp1">{{cite journal|title=A chitinase-like protein in the lung and circulation of patients with severe asthma|date=November 2007|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|issue=20|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa073600|volume=357|pages=2016–27|pmid=18003958|vauthors=Chupp GL, Lee CG, Jarjour N, Shim YM, Holm CT, He S, Dziura JD, Reed J, Coyle AJ, Kiener P, Cullen M, Grandsaigne M, Dombret MC, Aubier M, Pretolani M, Elias JA}}</ref>

几丁质酶分子的某些部分，在植物防御中的功能相似，在结构上与[[橡膠|橡胶]][[乳胶]]中的促肝素或其他蛋白质几乎相同，可能会引发一种称为乳胶-水果综合征（latex-fruit syndrome）的过敏交叉反应。<ref>{{cite web|title=Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy|url=http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|work=Division of Medical Devices, Japan|accessdate=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201836/http://dmd.nihs.go.jp/latex/cross-e.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025351/http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/3/544 The X-ray structure of a chitinase from the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis]