世界民意研究學會：修订间差异

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-'''世界民意研究学会'''（{{lang-en|World Association for Public Opinion Research}}，{{lang|en|WAPOR}}）是一个国际学术组织，由从事[[沟通]]与{{Link-en|调查 (人文研究)|Survey (human research|调查研究}}的学者组成，总部位于美国[[林肯 (内布拉斯加州)|内布拉斯加州林肯]]。它也是[[国际社会科学理事会]]的会员组织。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/wapor/social_science.html|title=International Social Science Council|accessdate=2007-11-03|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102102044/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/social_science.html|archivedate=2007-11-02|df=}}</ref>
+'''世界民意研究学会'''（{{lang-en|World Association for Public Opinion Research}}，{{lang|en|WAPOR}}）是一个国际学术组织，由从事[[沟通]]与{{Link-en|调查 (人文研究)|Survey (human research|调查研究}}的学者组成，总部位于美国[[林肯 (内布拉斯加州)|内布拉斯加州林肯]]。它也是[[国际社会科学理事会]]的会员组织。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/wapor/social_science.html|title=International Social Science Council|accessdate=2007-11-03|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en||||df=}}</ref>
 == 历史 ==
 世界民意研究学会原名“世界民意研究大会”（{{lang|en|World Congress on Public Opinion Research}}），1947年于第2届国际民意研究研讨会上成立，地点是[[威廉斯敦 (麻萨诸塞州)|麻塞诸塞州威廉斯敦]]。<ref name="dodd">{{cite journal|title=The World Association for Public Opinion Research|last=Dodd|first=Stuart C.|date=Spring 1957|journal=''{{Link-en|公共輿论季刊|Public Opinion Quarterly|Public Opinion Quarterly}}''|issue=1|doi=10.1086/266698|volume=21|pages=179–84|jstor=2746801|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Development of AAPOR|date=Spring 1957|journal=''Public Opinion Quarterly''|issue=1|doi=10.1086/266696|volume=21|pages=165–73|jstor=2746799|lastauthoramp=yes|author1=Hart, Clyde W.|author2=Don Cahalan|language=en}}</ref>
-年于第3届研讨会上改为现名。<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=VwIwAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''A Quarter Century of International Social Science: Papers and Reports on Developments, 1952-1977''|author={{Link-en|史坦·洛肯|Stein Rokkan|Rokkan, Stein}}(ed)|publisher=Concept|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1979|location=|page=279|oclc=7575815|language=en}}</ref>1953年，学会成为当时[[联合国教科文组织]]在调查研究领域唯一的顾问团体。
+年于第3届研讨会上改为现名。<ref>{{cite book||title=''A Quarter Century of International Social Science: Papers and Reports on Developments, 1952-1977''|author={{Link-en|史坦·洛肯|Stein Rokkan|Rokkan, Stein}}(ed)|publisher=Concept|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1979|location=|page=279|oclc=7575815|language=en}}</ref>1953年，学会成为当时[[联合国教科文组织]]在调查研究领域唯一的顾问团体。
-学会现任理事长是[[伊利诺大学芝加哥分校]]教授提姆·P·约翰逊（{{lang|en|Timothy P. Johnson}}）。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wapor.org/about-wapor/leadership/|title=WAPOR Leadership|access-date=2021-08-21|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303110418/https://wapor.org/about-wapor/leadership/|archive-date=2021-03-03|language=en}}</ref>
+学会现任理事长是[[伊利诺大学芝加哥分校]]教授提姆·P·约翰逊（{{lang|en|Timothy P. Johnson}}）。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wapor.org/about-wapor/leadership/|title=WAPOR Leadership|access-date=2021-08-21|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|||language=en}}</ref>
 历任前理事长包括[[胡安·林茲]]、[[伊莉莎白·诺艾尔-诺依曼]]、{{Link-en|罗伯特·伍斯特|Robert Worcester}}、[[西摩·马丁·利普塞特]]、克莱儿·杜兰德（{{lang|en|Claire Durand}}）等社会学或政治学者。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/history/|title=History|accessdate=2007-11-03|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en}}</ref>
 === 会员 ===
-随着时间推移，世界民意研究学会的会员逐渐成长，且更加多元。创会初期，协会约有158名会员，来自20个国家。其后逐年增加，1962年时，学会已有200名来自30个不同国家的会员。 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=C_lLAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Encyclopedia Americana''|publisher=Americana Corporation|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1965|volume=22|pages=774|language=en}}</ref>；1970年会员人数更上升到300名，来自41个国家。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OMgqAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Encyclopædia Britannica''|author=Warren E. Preece, editor.|publisher=[[大英百科全书公司|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1974|isbn=0-85229-290-2|volume=15|pages=214|language=en}}</ref>
+随着时间推移，世界民意研究学会的会员逐渐成长，且更加多元。创会初期，协会约有158名会员，来自20个国家。其后逐年增加，1962年时，学会已有200名来自30个不同国家的会员。 <ref>{{Cite book||title=''Encyclopedia Americana''|publisher=Americana Corporation|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1965|volume=22|pages=774|language=en}}</ref>；1970年会员人数更上升到300名，来自41个国家。<ref>{{Cite book||title=''Encyclopædia Britannica''|author=Warren E. Preece, editor.|publisher=[[大英百科全书公司|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1974|isbn=0-85229-290-2|volume=15|pages=214|language=en}}</ref>
 年时，世界民意研究学会共有400名会员，来自60个不同国家的大学或研究机构。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/membership/|title=Membership Information|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en}}</ref>
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 世界民意研究学会赞助出版《{{Link-en|国际民意研究期刊|International Journal of Public Opinion Research}}》，这是一份由[[牛津大学出版社]]出版的社会科学期刊。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/|title=Oxford Journals: Social Sciences – Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2007-02-21|year=2007|publisher=[[牛津大学出版社|Oxford Journals]]|language=en}}</ref>此外，世界民意研究学会也与{{Link-en|欧洲輿论与市场研究学会|European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research}}结盟，分享学术资讯。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/|title=WAPOR homepage|accessdate=2012-12-26|language=en}}</ref>
-学会每三年举办一次例行研讨会，全球各地来自政府部门、学术机构与企业组织的调查研究者将齐聚一堂，交流最新的研究成果。 最近一次大会于2016年10月12日，在美国德克萨斯州[[奥斯丁]]市举办。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.org/seminars-events/|title=Conferences and Seminars|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207104438/http://wapor.org/seminars-events/|archive-date=2014-12-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
+学会每三年举办一次例行研讨会，全球各地来自政府部门、学术机构与企业组织的调查研究者将齐聚一堂，交流最新的研究成果。 最近一次大会于2016年10月12日，在美国德克萨斯州[[奥斯丁]]市举办。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.org/seminars-events/|title=Conferences and Seminars|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|||}}</ref>
-年起，世界民意研究学会开始頒发海伦·迪纳曼奖－－该奖项系纪念社会学家[[海伦·迪纳曼]]而设立－－以表彰“对调查研究方法有显著贡献”的学者。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/awards.html|title=Awards and Prizes|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102024431/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/awards.html|archivedate=2008-01-02}}</ref>历届得主包括{{Link-en|菲力普·康维斯|Philip Converse}}、{{Link-en|路易斯·古特曼|Louis Guttman}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=World of Sociology|title=Louis Guttman|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/louis-guttman-soc/|accessdate=2008-01-01|year=2005–2006|publisher={{Link-en|盖尔 (出版社)|Gale (publisher)|Thomson Gale}}|language=en}}</ref>、{{Link-en|罗格·豪威尔|Roger Jowell}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.ac.uk/sociology/dps/SOCIOLOGY_RESEARCH_REPORT_2005-06.pdf|title=Annual Research Report, 2005-2006|accessdate=2008-01-01|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=Department of Sociology, [[伦敦大学城市学院|City University London]]|pages=9|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219072328/http://city.ac.uk/sociology/dps/SOCIOLOGY_RESEARCH_REPORT_2005-06.pdf|archivedate=2009-02-19|df=}}</ref>、{{Link-en|埃利胡·卡茨|Elihu Katzd}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Z9n1HICzx4oC&pg=PA195&dq=%22Helen+Dinerman+Award%22|title=''American Communication Research: The Remembered History''|author=Dennis, Everette E., and Ellen Wartella (eds)|publisher={{Link-en|泰勒与法兰西斯出版集团|Taylor & Francis|Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}}|accessdate=2007-12-31|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8058-1744-7|location=|page=195|language=en}}</ref>、胡安·林茲、西摩·马丁·利普塞特<ref>{{cite news|title=Hoover Senior Fellow Seymour Martin Lipset Dies|date=2007-01-03|work=''[[美国商业资讯|Business Wire]]''|language=en}}</ref>、[[罗伯特·金·莫顿]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Helen Dinerman and the Connecting of Science with Practice1|url=http://www.crs.wsu.edu/facstaff/dillman/don-dinerman06-brief.pdf|last=Dillman|first=Don A.|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2006|pages=7–10|format=[[PDF]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803180728/http://www.crs.wsu.edu/facstaff/dillman/don-dinerman06-brief.pdf|archivedate=2007-08-03|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>、伊莉莎白·诺艾尔-诺依曼<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qTzsujjiQMsC&pg=PA146&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Public Opinion, The Press, and Public Policy''|author2=Chi-Yung Moh|publisher=Praeger Publishers|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1994|isbn=978-0-275-95097-2|editor=J. David Kennamer|location=[[韦斯特波特 (康乃狄克州)|Westport, Connecticut]]|page=146|chapter=The Spiral of Silence: Linking Individual and Society Through Communication|lastauthoramp=yes|author1=Salmon, Charles T.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Jds8Oc1Oqt0C&pg=PA303&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Women in Communication: A Biographical Sourcebook''|last=Viswanath|first=K.|publisher=[[格林伍德出版集团|Greenwood Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1996|isbn=978-0-313-29164-7|editor=Nancy Signorielli|location=Westport, Connecticut|page=303|chapter=Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1916– )|language=en}}</ref>、[[西德尼·维巴]]、<ref>{{cite journal|title=2004 Dinerman Award Winner: Dr. Sidney Verba|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/Newsletters/2nd%20Q%202004.pdf|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2004|pages=4–5|format=[[PDF]]|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706183317/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/Newsletters/2nd%20Q%202004.pdf|archivedate=2008-07-06|df=}}</ref>罗伯特·伍斯特、{{Link-en|丹尼尔·揚克洛维奇|Daniel Yankelovich}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publicagenda.org/aboutpa/aboutpa_whoswho_detail.cfm?list=1|title=Daniel Yankelovich|accessdate=2007-11-02|work=Who's Who at Public Agenda?|publisher=Public Agenda|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715221908/http://www.publicagenda.org/aboutpa/aboutpa_whoswho_detail.cfm?list=1|archivedate=2007-07-15|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>等社会科学领域学者。
+年起，世界民意研究学会开始頒发海伦·迪纳曼奖－－该奖项系纪念社会学家[[海伦·迪纳曼]]而设立－－以表彰“对调查研究方法有显著贡献”的学者。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/awards.html|title=Awards and Prizes|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|||}}</ref>历届得主包括{{Link-en|菲力普·康维斯|Philip Converse}}、{{Link-en|路易斯·古特曼|Louis Guttman}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=World of Sociology|title=Louis Guttman|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/louis-guttman-soc/|accessdate=2008-01-01|year=2005–2006|publisher={{Link-en|盖尔 (出版社)|Gale (publisher)|Thomson Gale}}|language=en}}</ref>、{{Link-en|罗格·豪威尔|Roger Jowell}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.ac.uk/sociology/dps/SOCIOLOGY_RESEARCH_REPORT_2005-06.pdf|title=Annual Research Report, 2005-2006|accessdate=2008-01-01|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=Department of Sociology, [[伦敦大学城市学院|City University London]]|pages=9|language=en||||df=}}</ref>、{{Link-en|埃利胡·卡茨|Elihu Katzd}}<ref>{{cite book||title=''American Communication Research: The Remembered History''|author=Dennis, Everette E., and Ellen Wartella (eds)|publisher={{Link-en|泰勒与法兰西斯出版集团|Taylor & Francis|Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}}|accessdate=2007-12-31|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8058-1744-7|location=|page=195|language=en}}</ref>、胡安·林茲、西摩·马丁·利普塞特<ref>{{cite news|title=Hoover Senior Fellow Seymour Martin Lipset Dies|date=2007-01-03|work=''[[美国商业资讯|Business Wire]]''|language=en}}</ref>、[[罗伯特·金·莫顿]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Helen Dinerman and the Connecting of Science with Practice1|url=http://www.crs.wsu.edu/facstaff/dillman/don-dinerman06-brief.pdf|last=Dillman|first=Don A.|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2006|pages=7–10|format=[[PDF]]|||language=en|}}</ref>、伊莉莎白·诺艾尔-诺依曼<ref>{{cite book||title=''Public Opinion, The Press, and Public Policy''|author2=Chi-Yung Moh|publisher=Praeger Publishers|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1994|isbn=978-0-275-95097-2|editor=J. David Kennamer|location=[[韦斯特波特 (康乃狄克州)|Westport, Connecticut]]|page=146|chapter=The Spiral of Silence: Linking Individual and Society Through Communication|lastauthoramp=yes|author1=Salmon, Charles T.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book||title=''Women in Communication: A Biographical Sourcebook''|last=Viswanath|first=K.|publisher=[[格林伍德出版集团|Greenwood Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1996|isbn=978-0-313-29164-7|editor=Nancy Signorielli|location=Westport, Connecticut|page=303|chapter=Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1916– )|language=en}}</ref>、[[西德尼·维巴]]、<ref>{{cite journal|title=2004 Dinerman Award Winner: Dr. Sidney Verba|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/Newsletters/2nd%20Q%202004.pdf|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2004|pages=4–5|format=[[PDF]]|language=en||||df=}}</ref>罗伯特·伍斯特、{{Link-en|丹尼尔·揚克洛维奇|Daniel Yankelovich}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publicagenda.org/aboutpa/aboutpa_whoswho_detail.cfm?list=1|title=Daniel Yankelovich|accessdate=2007-11-02|work=Who's Who at Public Agenda?|publisher=Public Agenda|||language=en|}}</ref>等社会科学领域学者。
 == 影响 ==
-前《[[华盛顿邮报]]》调查主任理查·莫兰（{{lang|en|Richard Morin}}）曾评论世界民意研究学会为“最具领导性的外国民调专业组织”<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/wat/archive/wat011998.htm|title=Crackdown on Pollsters|last=Morin|first=Richard|date=1998-01-19|work=''[[The Washington Post]]''|accessdate=2007-11-03|language=en}}</ref>[[俄亥俄州立大学]]政治学教授、中西部政治学会理事长赫尔伯特·韦堡（{{lang|en|Herbert Weisberg}}）<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pro.osu.edu/profiles/weisberg.1/|title=Dr. Herbert F. Weisberg|accessdate=2007-11-03|work=OSU:pro|publisher=[[The Ohio State University]]|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718052329/https://pro.osu.edu/profiles/weisberg.1/|archivedate=2011-07-18|df=}}</ref>也赞揚世界民意研究学会促进调查研究领域的[[国际化]]和[[专业化]]。<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lH2f9Ka60IQC&pg=PA11&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''The Total Survey Error Approach: A Guide to the New Science of Survey Research''|last=Weisberg|first=Herbert F.|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-03|year=2005|isbn=978-0-226-89127-9|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|page=11|language=en}}</ref>
+前《[[华盛顿邮报]]》调查主任理查·莫兰（{{lang|en|Richard Morin}}）曾评论世界民意研究学会为“最具领导性的外国民调专业组织”<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/wat/archive/wat011998.htm|title=Crackdown on Pollsters|last=Morin|first=Richard|date=1998-01-19|work=''[[The Washington Post]]''|accessdate=2007-11-03|language=en}}</ref>[[俄亥俄州立大学]]政治学教授、中西部政治学会理事长赫尔伯特·韦堡（{{lang|en|Herbert Weisberg}}）<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pro.osu.edu/profiles/weisberg.1/|title=Dr. Herbert F. Weisberg|accessdate=2007-11-03|work=OSU:pro|publisher=[[The Ohio State University]]|language=en||||df=}}</ref>也赞揚世界民意研究学会促进调查研究领域的[[国际化]]和[[专业化]]。<ref>{{cite book||title=''The Total Survey Error Approach: A Guide to the New Science of Survey Research''|last=Weisberg|first=Herbert F.|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-03|year=2005|isbn=978-0-226-89127-9|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|page=11|language=en}}</ref>
 == 参见 ==