添加的内容 删除的内容
(我来啦, replaced: 連結 → 链接, 參考文獻 → 参考文献, 開 → 开, 長 → 长 (6), 間 → 间, 語 → 语 (12), 灣 → 湾, 魚 → 鱼 (49), 盡 → 尽, 飛 → 飞, 將 → 将, 來 → 来 (2), 義 → 义 (2), 動 → 动 (4), 發 → 发, 詞 → 词 (2), 體 → 体 (3), 類 → 类 (9), 線 → 线 (2), 稱 → 称 (4), 為 → 为 (9), 於 → 于 (3), 亞 → 亚 (3), 種 → 种 (12), 據 → 据, 屬 → 属 (16), 該 → 该 (2), 歡 → 欢, 舉 → 举, 維 → 维, 庫 → 库, 達 → 达 (3), 並 → 并, 後 → 后, 頭 → 头, 過 → 过 (2), 現 → 现 (2), 個 → 个 (2), 臺 → 台, 槍 → 枪 (12), 釋 → 释, 資 → 资, 圍 → 围, 滅 → 灭, 絕 → 绝, 當 → 当, 藍 → 蓝 (4), 業 → 业, 遠 → 远, 擁 → 拥, 機 → 机, 註 → 注, 壽 → 寿, 單 → 单, 臘…) |
小 (撤销繁简转换) 标签:回退 |
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{{otheruses|subject= |
{{otheruses|subject=魚類|other=「鮪魚」的其他意義|鮪魚 (消歧義)}} |
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{{noteTA |
{{noteTA |
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|G1=Unit |
|G1=Unit |
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|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw: |
|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw:鮪魚; zh-hk:吞拿魚; |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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| name = |
| name = 鮪魚 |
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| image = tuna_assortment.png |
| image = tuna_assortment.png |
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| image_caption = 各 |
| image_caption = 各種鮪魚(從最上方開始):[[長鰭鮪魚]]、[[北方藍鰭金槍魚]]、[[鰹]]、[[黃鰭金槍魚]]、[[短鮪]] |
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| taxon = Thunnini |
| taxon = Thunnini |
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| authority = Starks, 1910 |
| authority = Starks, 1910 |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = 屬 |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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* [[細鰹|細鰹 |
* [[細鰹|細鰹屬]] |
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* ''[[Auxis]]'' |
* ''[[Auxis]]'' |
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* ''[[Euthynnus]]'' |
* ''[[Euthynnus]]'' |
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* ''[[Katsuwonus]]'' |
* ''[[Katsuwonus]]'' |
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* [[金 |
* [[金槍魚屬]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw= |
{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw=鮪魚|hk=吞拿魚}},是一種海水魚類,屬於[[鯖科]]下面的'''金槍魚[[族 (生物)|族]]'''({{sn|Thunnini}})。本族包含5[[屬 (生物)|屬]]15[[物種|種]]鮪魚<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Jeffrey B.|author2=Dickson, Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|year=2004|volume=207|issue=23|pages=4015–4024|doi=10.1242/jeb.01267|pmid=15498947}}</ref>,各物種之間大小變化很大,最小的鮪魚是[[圓舵鰹]],其最大長度為{{convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}},重量為{{convert|1.8|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}};最大的鮪魚則是[[北方藍鰭金槍魚]],其最大長度為{{convert|4.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}},重量為{{convert|684|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},平均長度為{{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}},據信其壽命可以長達50歲。 |
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鮪魚、[[月魚屬]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前僅存可將體溫維持在比周圍水體溫度高的物種。鮪魚是一種活躍而敏捷的食肉動物,該物種擁有光滑的流線型身體,也是游動速度最快的遠洋魚類之一;舉例,[[黃鰭金槍魚]]的游動速度可達{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David |author3=Carey, Francis G. |title=Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|year=1992|volume=166|pages=267–284|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2012|issn=0022-0949}}</ref>。鮪魚可在溫暖海域發現,成為一種大量商業捕撈的魚類,也是釣魚活動當中的一種受歡迎魚類。由於人類的[[過度捕魚|過度捕撈]],[[藍鰭金槍魚]]等部分鮪魚物種已接近[[滅絕]]危機<ref name=IUCNmaccoyii>{{IUCN2014.3 |assessors=Collette B and 8 others |year=2011 |id=21858 |title=Thunnus maccoyii |downloaded=9 January 2015}} "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."</ref>。 |
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== |
== 詞源 == |
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鮪魚的英語「{{lang|en|tuna}}」衍生自[[古希臘語]]{{lang|grc|θύννος}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnnos'')}}的[[中世紀拉丁語]]格式''{{lang|la|Thunnus}}''──而該詞又衍生自{{lang|grc|θύνω}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnō'')}},「匆忙、飛奔」之意<ref>{{LSJ|qu/nnos|θύννος|longref}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|qu/nw|θύνω|shortref}}.</ref>。 |
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然而,英文种 |
然而,英文种「{{lang|en|tuna}}」的直接來源為[[美洲西班牙語]],並依序源自[[西班牙語]]「''atún''」、{{le|安達盧西亞阿拉伯語|Andalusian Arabic}}「''at-tūn''」(同化於阿拉伯语的{{lang|ar|التون}},''al-tūn'',現代阿拉伯語為{{lang|ar|التن}}),然後再往前才是自上述提及之希臘語和拉丁文之來源<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna|author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company|work=ahdictionary.com|access-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524153815/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|archive-date=2015-05-24|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。 |
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== 分 |
== 分類 == |
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金 |
金槍魚族為[[單系群]][[演化支]],包含5個[[屬 (生物)|屬]]及15個物種: |
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* [[鯖科]] |
* [[鯖科]] |
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** '''金 |
** '''金槍魚族:鮪魚''' |
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*** [[細鰹|細鰹 |
*** [[細鰹|細鰹屬]]:細鰹,英語稱細鮪魚({{lang|en|slender tuna}}) |
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*** {{le|舵鰹 |
*** {{le|舵鰹屬|Auxis}}:扁舵鰹,英語稱扁舵鮪魚({{lang|en|frigate tuna}}) |
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*** {{le|巴鰹 |
*** {{le|巴鰹屬|Euthynnus}}:巴鰹,英語稱小鮪魚({{lang|en|little tuna}}) |
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*** [[鰹 |
*** [[鰹屬]]:正鰹,英語稱({{lang|en|skipjack tuna}}) |
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*** [[金 |
*** [[金槍魚屬]]:長鰭鮪魚({{lang|en|albacore}})、真鮪魚({{lang|en|true tuna}}) |
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**** {{le|金 |
**** {{le|金槍魚亞屬|Thunnus (subgenus)}}:藍鰭鮪魚族群 |
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**** {{le|新金 |
**** {{le|新金槍魚亞屬|Neothunnus (subgenus)}}:黃鰭鮪魚族群 |
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== |
== 註釋 == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== |
== 參考文獻 == |
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{{refbegin|2}} |
{{refbegin|2}} |
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* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le| |
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|魚線的盡頭|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}} |
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* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
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* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome. |
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome. |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== 外部 |
== 外部連結 == |
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* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
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* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
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* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php |
* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 臺灣魚類資料庫] |
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* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 |
* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鮪魚季 要不要吃鮪魚?] |
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{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
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{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}} |
{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}} |
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{{肉 |
{{肉類食物|state=autocollapse}} |
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[[Category:鯖科]] |
[[Category:鯖科]] |