喀喇昆仑山口：修订间差异

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'''喀喇昆仑山口'''是位于[[喀喇昆仑山脉]]的一座山口，海拔{{convert|5540|m|disp=or|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}<ref>[[SRTM]] data; the figure is now known to be a few meters lower than the figure of 5578 provided in Rizvi, Janet. ''Trans-Himalayan Caravans : Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh'', p. 28. 1999. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. {{ISBN|0-19-564855-2}}.</ref>，在[[中华人民共和国|中国]]和[[印度]]的边界上。<ref name="hinduopinion">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/pass-to-better-relations-with-china/article4663659.ece|title=Pass to better relations with China|year=2013|publisher=The Hindu |pages=|accessdate=7 July 2013|location=India}}</ref>历史上是来往塔里木盆地[[莎车县|莎车]]与[[拉達克]][[列城]]之间商路中最高的一座山口。喀喇昆仑在突厥语中意为黑色卵石。<ref>Younghusband, Francis E. ''The Heart of a Continent: A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria, across the Gobi Desert, through the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Chitral, 1884-94''. First published: 1897. London. Unabridged facsimile (2005): Elibron Classics Replica Edition, p. 225. London {{ISBN|1-4212-6551-6}} (pbk); {{ISBN|1-4212-6550-8}} (hbk).</ref>
'''喀喇昆仑山口'''是位于[[喀喇昆仑山脉]]的一座山口，海拔{{convert|5540|m|disp=or|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}<ref>[[SRTM]] data; the figure is now known to be a few meters lower than the figure of 5578 provided in Rizvi, Janet. ''Trans-Himalayan Caravans : Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh'', p. 28. 1999. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. {{ISBN|0-19-564855-2}}.</ref>，在[[中华人民共和国|中国]]和[[印度]]的边界上。<ref name="hinduopinion">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/pass-to-better-relations-with-china/article4663659.ece|title=Pass to better relations with China|year=2013|publisher=The Hindu |pages=|accessdate=7 July 2013|location=India}}</ref>历史上是来往塔里木盆地[[莎车县|莎车]]与[[拉达克]][[列城]]之间商路中最高的一座山口。喀喇昆仑在突厥语中意为黑色卵石。<ref>Younghusband, Francis E. ''The Heart of a Continent: A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria, across the Gobi Desert, through the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Chitral, 1884-94''. First published: 1897. London. Unabridged facsimile (2005): Elibron Classics Replica Edition, p. 225. London {{ISBN|1-4212-6551-6}} (pbk); {{ISBN|1-4212-6550-8}} (hbk).</ref>


由于高海拔和补给缺乏，路边几乎没有植被，<ref>Rizvi, Janet. ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia'', p. 48. 1983. Oxford University Press. Reprint: Oxford University Press, New Delhi (1996). {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.</ref>历史上路过该地的商队牲畜的死亡致使路途白骨遍野，成为该山口最令人印象深刻的特点之一。<ref>Shaw, Robert. (1871). ''Visits to High Tartary, Yarkand and Kashgar''. Reprint with Introduction by Peter Hopkirk (1984): Oxford University Press, p. 431. {{ISBN|0-19-583830-0}}.</ref>上从北面到山口，首先沿古代塔里木盆地到西藏的桑珠古道上行。途中翻越海拔5364米的{{le|桑珠达坂|Sanju_Pass}}，沿[[喀拉喀什河]]谷到今[[新藏公路]]上的[[赛图拉镇]]。在此与去西藏的路分叉，向南通过比较容易的Suget Pass，最后达到喀喇昆仑山口。<ref>Younghusband, Francis E. ''The Heart of a Continent: A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria, across the Gobi Desert, through the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Chitral, 1884-94''. First published: 1897. London. Unabridged facsimile (2005): Elibron Classics Replica Edition, p. 226. London {{ISBN|1-4212-6551-6}} (pbk); {{ISBN|1-4212-6550-8}} (hbk).</ref>而从南面到山口前要穿越海拔5300米的{{le|達普桑|Depsang Plains}}高原，约需3天时间。<ref name="Rizvi">Rizvi, Janet. (1999). ''Trans-Himalayan Caravans : Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh''. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. {{ISBN|0-19-564855-2}}.</ref>{{rp|216}}
由于高海拔和补给缺乏，路边几乎没有植被，<ref>Rizvi, Janet. ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia'', p. 48. 1983. Oxford University Press. Reprint: Oxford University Press, New Delhi (1996). {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.</ref>历史上路过该地的商队牲畜的死亡致使路途白骨遍野，成为该山口最令人印象深刻的特点之一。<ref>Shaw, Robert. (1871). ''Visits to High Tartary, Yarkand and Kashgar''. Reprint with Introduction by Peter Hopkirk (1984): Oxford University Press, p. 431. {{ISBN|0-19-583830-0}}.</ref>上从北面到山口，首先沿古代塔里木盆地到西藏的桑珠古道上行。途中翻越海拔5364米的{{le|桑珠达坂|Sanju_Pass}}，沿[[喀拉喀什河]]谷到今[[新藏公路]]上的[[赛图拉镇]]。在此与去西藏的路分叉，向南通过比较容易的Suget Pass，最后达到喀喇昆仑山口。<ref>Younghusband, Francis E. ''The Heart of a Continent: A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria, across the Gobi Desert, through the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Chitral, 1884-94''. First published: 1897. London. Unabridged facsimile (2005): Elibron Classics Replica Edition, p. 226. London {{ISBN|1-4212-6551-6}} (pbk); {{ISBN|1-4212-6550-8}} (hbk).</ref>而从南面到山口前要穿越海拔5300米的{{le|达普桑|Depsang Plains}}高原，约需3天时间。<ref name="Rizvi">Rizvi, Janet. (1999). ''Trans-Himalayan Caravans : Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh''. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. {{ISBN|0-19-564855-2}}.</ref>{{rp|216}}


喀喇昆仑山口夹在两山山峦之间，约45米宽。因为常年强风无冰雪覆盖。气温很低，暴风雪频繁，但尽管如此喀喇昆仑山口仍然被认为是相对容易通过的，因为两边地势均是缓慢升高，且无冰雪封山，一年中大部分时间可通过。<ref name="Rizvi"/>{{rp|28}}现在，这段中印边界是关闭的。中国一侧从新藏公路到山口下的神仙湾哨所修有公路。
喀喇昆仑山口夹在两山山峦之间，约45米宽。因为常年强风无冰雪覆盖。气温很低，暴风雪频繁，但尽管如此喀喇昆仑山口仍然被认为是相对容易通过的，因为两边地势均是缓慢升高，且无冰雪封山，一年中大部分时间可通过。<ref name="Rizvi"/>{{rp|28}}现在，这段中印边界是关闭的。中国一侧从新藏公路到山口下的神仙湾哨所修有公路。


== 边界问题 ==
== 边界问题 ==
喀喇昆仑山口在中国新疆和印控克什米尔的边界上，其正西边正是印巴争议的[[锡亚琴冰川]]。1963年中国和巴基斯坦的边界协定提到边界终于喀喇昆仑山口，因此该地是一个潜在的[[三邊交界|三国边界]]交点。但印度不承认该协定，也不承认其中规定的[[喀喇昆仑走廊]]归属中国的条款，<ref>{{cite book |last = Anderson |first = Ewan W. |title = International Boundaries: A Geopolitical Atlas |publisher = [[羅德里奇|Routledge]] |page = 180 |year = 2003 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E7-menNPxREC&pg=PA180 |isbn = 978-1-57958-375-0 |access-date = 2017-08-26 |archive-date = 2019-05-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514165252/https://books.google.com/books?id=E7-menNPxREC&pg=PA180 |dead-url = no }}</ref>而且自1984年后锡亚琴冰川由印度控制。目前事实上的三边交界点则在此地以西100公里的{{le|因地拉科山口|Indira Col}}。
喀喇昆仑山口在中国新疆和印控克什米尔的边界上，其正西边正是印巴争议的[[锡亚琴冰川]]。1963年中国和巴基斯坦的边界协定提到边界终于喀喇昆仑山口，因此该地是一个潜在的[[三边交界|三国边界]]交点。但印度不承认该协定，也不承认其中规定的[[喀喇昆仑走廊]]归属中国的条款，<ref>{{cite book |last = Anderson |first = Ewan W. |title = International Boundaries: A Geopolitical Atlas |publisher = [[罗德里奇|Routledge]] |page = 180 |year = 2003 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E7-menNPxREC&pg=PA180 |isbn = 978-1-57958-375-0 |access-date = 2017-08-26 |archive-date = 2019-05-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514165252/https://books.google.com/books?id=E7-menNPxREC&pg=PA180 |dead-url = no }}</ref>而且自1984年后锡亚琴冰川由印度控制。目前事实上的三边交界点则在此地以西100公里的{{le|因地拉科山口|Indira Col}}。


== 參見 ==
== 参见 ==
[[達普桑盆地]]
[[达普桑盆地]]


== 参考资料 ==
== 参考资料 ==
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[[Category:新疆山口]]
[[Category:新疆山口]]
[[Category:中印边界]]
[[Category:中印边界]]
[[Category:絲綢之路地點]]
[[Category:丝綢之路地点]]
取自“https://www.qiuwenbaike.cn/wiki/喀喇昆仑山口”