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(我来啦, replaced: 連結 → 链接, 參考文獻 → 参考文献, 開 → 开, 長 → 长 (6), 間 → 间, 語 → 语 (12), 灣 → 湾, 魚 → 鱼 (49), 盡 → 尽, 飛 → 飞, 將 → 将, 來 → 来 (2), 義 → 义 (2), 動 → 动 (4), 發 → 发, 詞 → 词 (2), 體 → 体 (3), 類 → 类 (9), 線 → 线 (2), 稱 → 称 (4), 為 → 为 (9), 於 → 于 (3), 亞 → 亚 (3), 種 → 种 (12), 據 → 据, 屬 → 属 (16), 該 → 该 (2), 歡 → 欢, 舉 → 举, 維 → 维, 庫 → 库, 達 → 达 (3), 並 → 并, 後 → 后, 頭 → 头, 過 → 过 (2), 現 → 现 (2), 個 → 个 (2), 臺 → 台, 槍 → 枪 (12), 釋 → 释, 資 → 资, 圍 → 围, 滅 → 灭, 絕 → 绝, 當 → 当, 藍 → 蓝 (4), 業 → 业, 遠 → 远, 擁 → 拥, 機 → 机, 註 → 注, 壽 → 寿, 單 → 单, 臘…) |
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{{otheruses|subject= |
{{otheruses|subject=鱼类|other=“鲔鱼”的其他意义|鲔鱼 (消歧义)}} |
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{{noteTA |
{{noteTA |
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|G1=Unit |
|G1=Unit |
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|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw: |
|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw:鲔鱼; zh-hk:吞拿鱼; |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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| name = |
| name = 鲔鱼 |
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| image = tuna_assortment.png |
| image = tuna_assortment.png |
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| image_caption = 各 |
| image_caption = 各种鲔鱼(从最上方开始):[[长鳍鲔鱼]]、[[北方蓝鳍金枪鱼]]、[[鰹]]、[[黃鳍金枪鱼]]、[[短鲔]] |
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| taxon = Thunnini |
| taxon = Thunnini |
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| authority = Starks, 1910 |
| authority = Starks, 1910 |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = 属 |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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* [[細鰹|細鰹 |
* [[細鰹|細鰹属]] |
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* ''[[Auxis]]'' |
* ''[[Auxis]]'' |
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* ''[[Euthynnus]]'' |
* ''[[Euthynnus]]'' |
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* ''[[Katsuwonus]]'' |
* ''[[Katsuwonus]]'' |
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* [[金 |
* [[金枪鱼属]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw= |
{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw=鲔鱼|hk=吞拿鱼}},是一种海水鱼类,属于[[鯖科]]下面的'''金枪鱼[[族 (生物)|族]]'''({{sn|Thunnini}})。本族包含5[[属 (生物)|属]]15[[物种|种]]鲔鱼<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Jeffrey B.|author2=Dickson, Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|year=2004|volume=207|issue=23|pages=4015–4024|doi=10.1242/jeb.01267|pmid=15498947}}</ref>,各物种之间大小变化很大,最小的鲔鱼是[[圆舵鰹]],其最大长度为{{convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}},重量为{{convert|1.8|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}};最大的鲔鱼则是[[北方蓝鳍金枪鱼]],其最大长度为{{convert|4.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}},重量为{{convert|684|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},平均长度为{{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}},据信其寿命可以长达50岁。 |
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鲔鱼、[[月鱼属]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前仅存可将体温维持在比周围水体温度高的物种。鲔鱼是一种活跃而敏捷的食肉动物,该物种拥有光滑的流线型身体,也是游动速度最快的远洋鱼类之一;举例,[[黃鳍金枪鱼]]的游动速度可达{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David |author3=Carey, Francis G. |title=Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|year=1992|volume=166|pages=267–284|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2012|issn=0022-0949}}</ref>。鲔鱼可在温暖海域发现,成为一种大量商业捕撈的鱼类,也是釣鱼活动当中的一种受欢迎鱼类。由于人类的[[过度捕鱼|过度捕撈]],[[蓝鳍金枪鱼]]等部分鲔鱼物种已接近[[灭绝]]危机<ref name=IUCNmaccoyii>{{IUCN2014.3 |assessors=Collette B and 8 others |year=2011 |id=21858 |title=Thunnus maccoyii |downloaded=9 January 2015}} "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."</ref>。 |
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== |
== 词源 == |
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鲔鱼的英语“{{lang|en|tuna}}”衍生自[[古希腊语]]{{lang|grc|θύννος}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnnos'')}}的[[中世纪拉丁语]]格式''{{lang|la|Thunnus}}''──而该词又衍生自{{lang|grc|θύνω}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnō'')}},“匆忙、飞奔”之意<ref>{{LSJ|qu/nnos|θύννος|longref}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|qu/nw|θύνω|shortref}}.</ref>。 |
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然而,英文种 |
然而,英文种“{{lang|en|tuna}}”的直接来源为[[美洲西班牙语]],并依序源自[[西班牙语]]“''atún''”、{{le|安达卢西亚阿拉伯语|Andalusian Arabic}}“''at-tūn''”(同化于阿拉伯语的{{lang|ar|التون}},''al-tūn'',现代阿拉伯语为{{lang|ar|التن}}),然后再往前才是自上述提及之希腊语和拉丁文之来源<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna|author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company|work=ahdictionary.com|access-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524153815/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|archive-date=2015-05-24|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。 |
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== 分 |
== 分类 == |
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金 |
金枪鱼族为[[单系群]][[演化支]],包含5个[[属 (生物)|属]]及15个物种: |
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* [[鯖科]] |
* [[鯖科]] |
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** '''金 |
** '''金枪鱼族:鲔鱼''' |
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*** [[細鰹|細鰹 |
*** [[細鰹|細鰹属]]:細鰹,英语称細鲔鱼({{lang|en|slender tuna}}) |
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*** {{le|舵鰹 |
*** {{le|舵鰹属|Auxis}}:扁舵鰹,英语称扁舵鲔鱼({{lang|en|frigate tuna}}) |
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*** {{le|巴鰹 |
*** {{le|巴鰹属|Euthynnus}}:巴鰹,英语称小鲔鱼({{lang|en|little tuna}}) |
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*** [[鰹 |
*** [[鰹属]]:正鰹,英语称({{lang|en|skipjack tuna}}) |
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*** [[金 |
*** [[金枪鱼属]]:长鳍鲔鱼({{lang|en|albacore}})、真鲔鱼({{lang|en|true tuna}}) |
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**** {{le|金 |
**** {{le|金枪鱼亚属|Thunnus (subgenus)}}:蓝鳍鲔鱼族群 |
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**** {{le|新金 |
**** {{le|新金枪鱼亚属|Neothunnus (subgenus)}}:黃鳍鲔鱼族群 |
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== |
== 注释 == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== |
== 参考文献 == |
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{{refbegin|2}} |
{{refbegin|2}} |
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* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le| |
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|鱼线的尽头|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}} |
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* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
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* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome. |
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome. |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== 外部 |
== 外部链接 == |
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* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
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* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
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* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php |
* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 台湾鱼类资料库] |
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* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 |
* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鲔鱼季 要不要吃鲔鱼?] |
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{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
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{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}} |
{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}} |
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{{肉 |
{{肉类食物|state=autocollapse}} |
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[[Category:鯖科]] |
[[Category:鯖科]] |