鮪魚:修订间差异

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(我来啦, replaced: 連結 → 链接, 參考文獻 → 参考文献, 開 → 开, 長 → 长 (6), 間 → 间, 語 → 语 (12), 灣 → 湾, 魚 → 鱼 (49), 盡 → 尽, 飛 → 飞, 將 → 将, 來 → 来 (2), 義 → 义 (2), 動 → 动 (4), 發 → 发, 詞 → 词 (2), 體 → 体 (3), 類 → 类 (9), 線 → 线 (2), 稱 → 称 (4), 為 → 为 (9), 於 → 于 (3), 亞 → 亚 (3), 種 → 种 (12), 據 → 据, 屬 → 属 (16), 該 → 该 (2), 歡 → 欢, 舉 → 举, 維 → 维, 庫 → 库, 達 → 达 (3), 並 → 并, 後 → 后, 頭 → 头, 過 → 过 (2), 現 → 现 (2), 個 → 个 (2), 臺 → 台, 槍 → 枪 (12), 釋 → 释, 資 → 资, 圍 → 围, 滅 → 灭, 絕 → 绝, 當 → 当, 藍 → 蓝 (4), 業 → 业, 遠 → 远, 擁 → 拥, 機 → 机, 註 → 注, 壽 → 寿, 單 → 单, 臘…)
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{{otheruses|subject=魚類|other=「鮪魚」的其他意|鮪魚 (消歧)}}
{{otheruses|subject=鱼类|other=“鲔鱼”的其他意|鲔鱼 (消歧)}}
{{noteTA
{{noteTA
|G1=Unit
|G1=Unit
|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw:鮪魚; zh-hk:吞拿;
|1=zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw:鲔鱼; zh-hk:吞拿;
}}
}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| name = 鮪魚
| name = 鲔鱼
| image = tuna_assortment.png
| image = tuna_assortment.png
| image_caption = 各種鮪魚最上方始):[[長鰭鮪魚]]、[[北方藍鰭槍魚]]、[[鰹]]、[[黃槍魚]]、[[短]]
| image_caption = 各种鲔鱼最上方始):[[长鳍鲔鱼]]、[[北方蓝鳍枪鱼]]、[[鰹]]、[[黃枪鱼]]、[[短]]
| taxon = Thunnini
| taxon = Thunnini
| authority = Starks, 1910
| authority = Starks, 1910
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
* [[細鰹|細鰹]]
* [[細鰹|細鰹]]
* ''[[Auxis]]''
* ''[[Auxis]]''
* ''[[Euthynnus]]''
* ''[[Euthynnus]]''
* ''[[Katsuwonus]]''
* ''[[Katsuwonus]]''
* [[金槍魚屬]]
* [[金枪鱼属]]
}}
}}


{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw=鮪魚|hk=吞拿}},是一海水魚類屬於[[鯖科]]下面的'''金槍魚[[族 (生物)|族]]'''({{sn|Thunnini}})。本族包含5[[ (生物)|]]15[[物|]]鮪魚<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Jeffrey B.|author2=Dickson, Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|year=2004|volume=207|issue=23|pages=4015–4024|doi=10.1242/jeb.01267|pmid=15498947}}</ref>,各物大小化很大,最小的鮪魚是[[舵鰹]],其最大{{convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}},重量{{convert|1.8|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}};最大的鮪魚則是[[北方藍鰭槍魚]],其最大{{convert|4.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}},重量{{convert|684|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},平均{{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}},信其命可以長達50
{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw=鲔鱼|hk=吞拿}},是一海水鱼类属于[[鯖科]]下面的'''金枪鱼[[族 (生物)|族]]'''({{sn|Thunnini}})。本族包含5[[ (生物)|]]15[[物|]]鲔鱼<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Jeffrey B.|author2=Dickson, Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|year=2004|volume=207|issue=23|pages=4015–4024|doi=10.1242/jeb.01267|pmid=15498947}}</ref>,各物大小化很大,最小的鲔鱼是[[舵鰹]],其最大{{convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}},重量{{convert|1.8|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}};最大的鲔鱼则是[[北方蓝鳍枪鱼]],其最大{{convert|4.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}},重量{{convert|684|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},平均{{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}},信其寿命可以长达50


鮪魚、[[月魚屬]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前存可將體溫維持在比周體溫度高的物鮪魚是一而敏捷的食肉物,種擁有光滑的流型身,也是游速度最快的魚類之一;例,[[黃槍魚]]的游速度可{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David |author3=Carey, Francis G. |title=Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|year=1992|volume=166|pages=267–284|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2012|issn=0022-0949}}</ref>。鮪魚可在暖海域發現,成大量商捕撈的魚類,也是釣動當中的一魚類。由的[[度捕|度捕撈]],[[藍鰭槍魚]]等部分鮪魚已接近[[滅絕]]危<ref name=IUCNmaccoyii>{{IUCN2014.3 |assessors=Collette B and 8 others |year=2011 |id=21858 |title=Thunnus maccoyii |downloaded=9 January 2015}} "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."</ref>。
鲔鱼、[[月鱼属]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前存可将体温维持在比周体温度高的物鲔鱼是一而敏捷的食肉物,种拥有光滑的流线型身,也是游速度最快的鱼类之一;例,[[黃枪鱼]]的游速度可{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David |author3=Carey, Francis G. |title=Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|year=1992|volume=166|pages=267–284|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2012|issn=0022-0949}}</ref>。鲔鱼可在暖海域发现,成大量商捕撈的鱼类,也是釣动当中的一鱼类。由的[[度捕|度捕撈]],[[蓝鳍枪鱼]]等部分鲔鱼已接近[[灭绝]]危<ref name=IUCNmaccoyii>{{IUCN2014.3 |assessors=Collette B and 8 others |year=2011 |id=21858 |title=Thunnus maccoyii |downloaded=9 January 2015}} "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."</ref>。


== 源 ==
== 源 ==
鮪魚的英語「{{lang|en|tuna}}衍生自[[古希臘語]]{{lang|grc|θύννος}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnnos'')}}的[[中世拉丁]]格式''{{lang|la|Thunnus}}''──而該詞又衍生自{{lang|grc|θύνω}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnō'')}},「匆忙、之意<ref>{{LSJ|qu/nnos|θύννος|longref}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|qu/nw|θύνω|shortref}}.</ref>。
鲔鱼的英语“{{lang|en|tuna}}衍生自[[古希腊语]]{{lang|grc|θύννος}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnnos'')}}的[[中世拉丁]]格式''{{lang|la|Thunnus}}''──而该词又衍生自{{lang|grc|θύνω}}{{transl|grc|(''thýnō'')}},“匆忙、之意<ref>{{LSJ|qu/nnos|θύννος|longref}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|qu/nw|θύνω|shortref}}.</ref>。


然而,英文种{{lang|en|tuna}}的直接[[美洲西班牙]],依序源自[[西班牙]]''atún''、{{le|安達盧西阿拉伯|Andalusian Arabic}}''at-tūn''」(同化阿拉伯语的{{lang|ar|التون}},''al-tūn'',代阿拉伯語為{{lang|ar|التن}}),然再往前才是自上述提及之希臘語和拉丁文之源<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna|author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company|work=ahdictionary.com|access-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524153815/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|archive-date=2015-05-24|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。
然而,英文种{{lang|en|tuna}}的直接[[美洲西班牙]],依序源自[[西班牙]]''atún''、{{le|安达卢西阿拉伯|Andalusian Arabic}}''at-tūn''”(同化阿拉伯语的{{lang|ar|التون}},''al-tūn'',代阿拉伯语为{{lang|ar|التن}}),然再往前才是自上述提及之希腊语和拉丁文之源<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna|author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company|work=ahdictionary.com|access-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524153815/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tuna&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|archive-date=2015-05-24|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。


== 分 ==
== 分 ==
槍魚[[系群]][[演化支]],包含5[[ (生物)|]]及15
枪鱼[[系群]][[演化支]],包含5[[ (生物)|]]及15
* [[鯖科]]
* [[鯖科]]
** '''金槍魚族:鮪魚'''
** '''金枪鱼族:鲔鱼'''
*** [[細鰹|細鰹]]:細鰹,英語稱鮪魚({{lang|en|slender tuna}})
*** [[細鰹|細鰹]]:細鰹,英语称鲔鱼({{lang|en|slender tuna}})
*** {{le|舵鰹|Auxis}}:扁舵鰹,英語稱扁舵鮪魚({{lang|en|frigate tuna}})
*** {{le|舵鰹|Auxis}}:扁舵鰹,英语称扁舵鲔鱼({{lang|en|frigate tuna}})
*** {{le|巴鰹|Euthynnus}}:巴鰹,英語稱鮪魚({{lang|en|little tuna}})
*** {{le|巴鰹|Euthynnus}}:巴鰹,英语称鲔鱼({{lang|en|little tuna}})
*** [[鰹]]:正鰹,英語稱({{lang|en|skipjack tuna}})
*** [[鰹]]:正鰹,英语称({{lang|en|skipjack tuna}})
*** [[金槍魚屬]]:長鰭鮪魚({{lang|en|albacore}})、真鮪魚({{lang|en|true tuna}})
*** [[金枪鱼属]]:长鳍鲔鱼({{lang|en|albacore}})、真鲔鱼({{lang|en|true tuna}})
**** {{le|金槍魚亞屬|Thunnus (subgenus)}}:藍鰭鮪魚族群
**** {{le|金枪鱼亚属|Thunnus (subgenus)}}:蓝鳍鲔鱼族群
**** {{le|新金槍魚亞屬|Neothunnus (subgenus)}}:黃鰭鮪魚族群
**** {{le|新金枪鱼亚属|Neothunnus (subgenus)}}:黃鳍鲔鱼族群


== 註釋 ==
== 注释 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== 考文 ==
== 考文 ==
{{refbegin|2}}
{{refbegin|2}}
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|魚線盡頭|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}}
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|鱼线尽头|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}}
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}}
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}}
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome.
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome.
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{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部链接 ==
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005
* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 臺灣魚類資]
* [https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 台湾鱼类资]
* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鮪魚季 要不要吃鮪魚?]
* [https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鲔鱼季 要不要吃鲔鱼?]


{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}}
{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}}
{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}}
{{捕捞渔业及水产养殖|state=autocollapse}}
{{肉食物|state=autocollapse}}
{{肉食物|state=autocollapse}}


[[Category:鯖科]]
[[Category:鯖科]]