最简分数:修订间差异

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(我来啦, replaced: 參考 → 参考, 參 → 参 (2), 與 → 与, 處 → 处, 雙 → 双, 無 → 无, 盡 → 尽, 關 → 关, 將 → 将, 領 → 领 (2), 見 → 见, 對 → 对, 樣 → 样, 號 → 号 (3), 類 → 类, 圖 → 图, 簡 → 简 (13), 稱 → 称 (2), 為 → 为 (8), 種 → 种, 數 → 数 (33), 術 → 术, 負 → 负 (2), 實 → 实, 論 → 论, 過 → 过 (5), 確 → 确 (2), 較 → 较, 現 → 现 (2), 約 → 约, 個 → 个 (4), 兩 → 两 (2), 們 → 们 (2), 資 → 资, 邊 → 边, 當 → 当, 項 → 项 (3), 設 → 设 (2), 結 → 结 (2), 環 → 环 (2), 還 → 还, 寫 → 写, 證 → 证, 題 → 题, 問 → 问, 轉 → 转, 別 → 别 (2), 則 → 则 (3), 條 → 条, 劃 → 划 (2), 質 → 质 (2), 從 → 从, 雖 → 虽, 須 → 须)
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'''最''',也'''既约分数'''或'''不可再'''({{lang-en|Irreducible fraction}}),指的是[[分子]][[分母]][[互]]的[[分]]。
'''最''',也'''既约分数'''或'''不可再'''({{lang-en|Irreducible fraction}}),指的是[[分子]][[分母]][[互]]的[[分]]。


若一分可表<math>\frac{p}{q}</math>,且<math>p , q \in \mathbb{Z}</math>([[整]]),<math>(p,q) = 1</math>,則稱<math>\frac{p}{q}</math>。假若p和q的[[公因]],其非最。若<math>(p,q) = d</math>,且<math>p = k_1 d , q = k_2 d ; k_1 , k_2 \in \mathbb{Z}</math><math>\frac{p}{q} = \frac{k_1}{k_2}</math>。其中<math>\frac{k_1}{k_2}</math><math>\frac{p}{q}</math>的最
若一分可表<math>\frac{p}{q}</math>,且<math>p , q \in \mathbb{Z}</math>([[整]]),<math>(p,q) = 1</math>,则称<math>\frac{p}{q}</math>。假若p和q的[[公因]],其非最。若<math>(p,q) = d</math>,且<math>p = k_1 d , q = k_2 d ; k_1 , k_2 \in \mathbb{Z}</math><math>\frac{p}{q} = \frac{k_1}{k_2}</math>。其中<math>\frac{k_1}{k_2}</math><math>\frac{p}{q}</math>的最


也可閱[[有理化]]分的公式,分子和分母互為質數<ref>E.g., see {{citation|title=The Legacy of Niels Henrik Abel: The Abel Bicentennial, Oslo, June 3-8, 2002|first1=Olav Arnfinn|last1=Laudal|first2=Ragni|last2=Piene|publisher=Springer|year=2004|page=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiXwhBm42hcC&pg=PA155|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193326/https://books.google.com/books?id=HiXwhBm42hcC&pg=PA155|dead-url=no}}</ref>。每一正有理可以被表示不可化的分<ref name="unique"/>。如果分的分子和分母的[[最大公因]],而這一方法可以完全降低至最低的件<ref>{{citation|title=Integers, Fractions, and Arithmetic: A Guide for Teachers|volume=10|series=MSRI mathematical circles library|first1=Judith D.|last1=Sally|first2=Paul J., Jr.|last2=Sally|author2-link=Paul Sally|publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]|year=2012|isbn=9780821887981|contribution=9.1. Reducing a fraction to lowest terms|pages=131–134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ntjq07-FA_IC&pg=PA131|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193325/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ntjq07-FA_IC&pg=PA131|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。了找出分子和分母的最小公因然可以使用[[輾相除法]]或[[整数分解]],就是要解決分的分子和分母大的問題<ref>{{citation|title=Learning Modern Algebra|series=Mathematical Association of America Textbooks|first1=Al|last1=Cuoco|first2=Joseph|last2=Rotman|publisher=[[Mathematical Association of America]]|year=2013|isbn=9781939512017|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LelYGuQHResC&pg=PA33|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193325/https://books.google.com/books?id=LelYGuQHResC&pg=PA33|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。
也可閱[[有理化]]分的公式,分子和分母互为质数<ref>E.g., see {{citation|title=The Legacy of Niels Henrik Abel: The Abel Bicentennial, Oslo, June 3-8, 2002|first1=Olav Arnfinn|last1=Laudal|first2=Ragni|last2=Piene|publisher=Springer|year=2004|page=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiXwhBm42hcC&pg=PA155|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193326/https://books.google.com/books?id=HiXwhBm42hcC&pg=PA155|dead-url=no}}</ref>。每一正有理可以被表示不可化的分<ref name="unique"/>。如果分的分子和分母的[[最大公因]],而這一方法可以完全降低至最低的件<ref>{{citation|title=Integers, Fractions, and Arithmetic: A Guide for Teachers|volume=10|series=MSRI mathematical circles library|first1=Judith D.|last1=Sally|first2=Paul J., Jr.|last2=Sally|author2-link=Paul Sally|publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]|year=2012|isbn=9780821887981|contribution=9.1. Reducing a fraction to lowest terms|pages=131–134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ntjq07-FA_IC&pg=PA131|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193325/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ntjq07-FA_IC&pg=PA131|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。了找出分子和分母的最小公因然可以使用[[輾相除法]]或[[整数分解]],就是要解決分的分子和分母大的问题<ref>{{citation|title=Learning Modern Algebra|series=Mathematical Association of America Textbooks|first1=Al|last1=Cuoco|first2=Joseph|last2=Rotman|publisher=[[Mathematical Association of America]]|year=2013|isbn=9781939512017|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LelYGuQHResC&pg=PA33|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193325/https://books.google.com/books?id=LelYGuQHResC&pg=PA33|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。


例如<math>\frac{1}{3}</math>、<math>\frac{4}{19}</math>或<math>\frac{198}{17}</math>。而<math>\frac{6}{4}</math>不是,因<math>(6,4) = 2</math>,因而<math>\frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}</math>
例如<math>\frac{1}{3}</math>、<math>\frac{4}{19}</math>或<math>\frac{198}{17}</math>。而<math>\frac{6}{4}</math>不是,因<math>(6,4) = 2</math>,因而<math>\frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}</math>


== 唯一性 ==
== 唯一性 ==
每一[[有理]]沒有獨特性的表示正分母的不可化分<ref name="unique">{{citation|title=Elements of Arithmetic and Algebra: For the Use of the Royal Military College|volume=1|series=College text books, Sandhurst. Royal Military College|first=William|last=Scott|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1844|page=75}}.</ref>(者<math>\tfrac{2}{3} = \tfrac{-2}{-3}</math> 都是不可化的分)。唯一性是獨一二主要因子分解的果,自 <math>\tfrac{a}{b} = \tfrac{c}{d}</math>意味著<math>ad=bc</math>,因此等雙邊共享相同的因式分解,主要多重的因<math>a</math>,而<math>c</math>也要出<math>a</math>的子集,方可明<math>ad=bc</math>。
每一[[有理]]沒有獨特性的表示正分母的不可化分<ref name="unique">{{citation|title=Elements of Arithmetic and Algebra: For the Use of the Royal Military College|volume=1|series=College text books, Sandhurst. Royal Military College|first=William|last=Scott|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1844|page=75}}.</ref>(者<math>\tfrac{2}{3} = \tfrac{-2}{-3}</math> 都是不可化的分)。唯一性是獨一二主要因子分解的果,自 <math>\tfrac{a}{b} = \tfrac{c}{d}</math>意味著<math>ad=bc</math>,因此等双边共享相同的因式分解,主要多重的因<math>a</math>,而<math>c</math>也要出<math>a</math>的子集,方可明<math>ad=bc</math>。
== 概括 ==
== 概括 ==
不可化的分的概念可推任何[[唯一分解整]]之[[分式]]:透過劃分分子和分母的最大公因,這一元素的域中可被出它的分<ref>{{citation|title=Abstract Algebra|first=Paul B.|last=Garrett|publisher=CRC Press|year=2007|isbn=9781584886907|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193324/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。特適用越其他域的[[代式]]。然而不可化的分在給定元素上,既使是同的可逆元素,也是唯一多人使用分子和分母的乘法。在有理的情況下意旨任何字具有兩個,若跟分子和分母的正負號;在這模糊的情況下可透要求分母要被移除負號。在合理的功能的情況下,分母可以似地被要求是一<ref>{{citation|title=Abstract Algebra|volume=242|series=Graduate Texts in Mathematics|first=Pierre Antoine|last=Grillet|publisher=Springer|year=2007|isbn=9780387715681|at=Lemma 9.2, p.&nbsp;183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193324/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。
不可化的分的概念可推任何[[唯一分解整]]之[[分式]]:透过划分分子和分母的最大公因,這一元素的域中可被出它的分<ref>{{citation|title=Abstract Algebra|first=Paul B.|last=Garrett|publisher=CRC Press|year=2007|isbn=9781584886907|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193324/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。特適用越其他域的[[代式]]。然而不可化的分在給定元素上,既使是同的可逆元素,也是唯一多人使用分子和分母的乘法。在有理的情況下意旨任何字具有两个,若跟分子和分母的正负号;在這模糊的情況下可透要求分母要被移除负号。在合理的功能的情況下,分母可以似地被要求是一<ref>{{citation|title=Abstract Algebra|volume=242|series=Graduate Texts in Mathematics|first=Pierre Antoine|last=Grillet|publisher=Springer|year=2007|isbn=9780387715681|at=Lemma 9.2, p.&nbsp;183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|accessdate=2016-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712193324/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|dead-url=no}}.</ref>。


== 參見 ==
== 参见 ==
* [[偶然消]]:指[[算]]上不正理,但其果恰好是正的。
* [[偶然消]]:指[[算]]上不正理,但其果恰好是正的。
* [[丟番逼近]]:透有理中逼出實數的近似值。
* [[丟番逼近]]:透有理中逼出实数的近似值。
== 料 ==
== 料 ==
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{{Fractions and ratios}}
{{Fractions and ratios}}