國際聯盟：修订间差异

雖然威尔逊設立及推廣聯盟的努力令他在1919年獲頒[[诺贝尔和平奖]]{{sfn|Levinovitz|Ringertz|2001|p=170}}，但美國還是沒有加入。協議在美國參議院遭到反對，尤其是兩位共和黨政治家[[亨利·卡伯特·洛奇]]及{{tsl|en|William Borah|威廉·博拉}}，同時也對公約第十條有所看法，確切地導致美國不批准該協議{{sfn|Northedge|1986|pp=85–89}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woodrow Wilson - "Final Address in Support of the League of Nations" |url=https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wilsonleagueofnations.htm |accessdate=2012-08-16 |author=Michael E. Eidenmuller |date=1919-09-25 |publisher=American Rhetoric |archive-date=2014-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711161353/https://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wilsonleagueofnations.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 語言及標誌 ==

在1943年的[[德黑兰会议]]上，同盟國同意建立“[[联合国]]”以取代國聯。國際勞工組織等國聯的機構仍繼續運作，最终成為了聯合國的附屬組織。<ref name="ILO" />联合国组织的设计者打算让联合国比国联更有效。{{sfn|Northedge|1986|pp=278–280}}

"League of Nations Ends, Gives Way to New U.N.", ''Syracuse Herald-American'', 20 April 1946, p. 12

</ref>转让给了联合国，归还了各国对他们的资助，还清了所有债务。{{sfn|Scott|1973|p=404}}[[罗伯特·塞西尔，第一代切尔伍德的塞西尔子爵|罗伯特·塞西尔]]对这最后一次会议发表讲话道：

* Burkman, Thomas W. ''Japan and the League of Nations: Empire and world order, 1914-1938'' (U of Hawaii Press, 2008).

* {{tsl|en|Patricia Clavin||Clavin, Patricia}}. ''Securing the world economy: the reinvention of the League of Nations, 1920-1946'' (Oxford UP, 2013).

* Ditrych, Ondrej. "“International terrorism” in the League of Nations and the contemporary terrorism dispositif." ''Critical Studies on Terrorism'' 6#2 (2013): 225-240.

* Dykmann, Klaas. "How International was the Secretariat of the League of Nations?." ''International History Review'' 37#4 (2015): 721-744.

* {{Cite book |title=Great Britain and the Creation of the League of Nations: Strategy, Politics, and International Organization, 1914–1919 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780807813201 |last=Egerton |first=George W |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1978 |isbn=0-807-81320-6}}

* {{Cite book |title=The League of Nations from 1929 to 1946 |url=https://archive.org/details/leagueofnationsf0000gill |last=Gill |first=George |publisher={{tsl|en|Avery Publishing||Avery Publishing Group}} |year=1996 |isbn=0-89529-637-3}}

* Jenne, Erin K. ''Nested Security: Lessons in Conflict Management from the League of Nations and the European Union'' (Cornell UP, 2015).

* {{Cite book |title=Keeping the Covenant: American Internationalists and the League of Nations, 1920–1939 |last=Kuehl |first=Warren F |last2=Dunn, Lynne K |year=1997}}

* Lloyd, Lorna. "“(O) n the side of justice and peace”: Canada on the League of Nations Council 1927–1930." ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 24#2 (2013): 171-191.

* {{Cite book |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5260560 |title=The United States after the World War |last=Malin |first=James C |year=1930 |pages=5–82 |access-date=2010-08-08 |archive-date=2012-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528105721/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5260560 |dead-url=no }}

* {{Cite book |title=La Société des Nations |last=Marbeau |first=Michel |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France |year=2001 |isbn=2-13-051635-1 |language=fr}}

== 外部链接 ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518143316/http://libcudl.colorado.edu/wwi/pdf/i73728238.pdf ''The League of Nations.''], Boston : Old Colony Trust Company, 1919. A collection of charters, speeches, etc. on the topic.