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|ipa symbol=ʁ̞ |
|ipa symbol=ʁ̞ |
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}} |
}} |
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'''濁小舌擦音'''是辅音的一种,在一些口语中存在,[[ |
'''濁小舌擦音'''是辅音的一种,在一些口语中存在,[[汉语]][[普通話]]無此音。[[国际音标]]中表示该音的符号是{{IPA|{{尖括号|ʁ}}}};而与之等价的X-SAMPA符号是{{尖括号|<tt>R</tt>}}。在歐洲语言裡面,该辅音是[[喉音R]]中的其中一种。 |
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== 特徵 == |
== 特徵 == |
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濁小舌擦音 的特點: |
濁小舌擦音 的特點: |
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| 莱茵河下游<ref name="Hall 1993 89"/> |
| 莱茵河下游<ref name="Hall 1993 89"/> |
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| [[施瓦本]]高地德语<ref name="Hiller">{{cite web|title=Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality|author=Markus Hiller|publisher=Institut für Deutsche Sprache|place=Mannheim|url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/linguistics/assets/documents/MarcusHiller.pdf|access-date=2015-02-24 |
| [[施瓦本]]高地德语<ref name="Hiller">{{cite web|title=Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality|author=Markus Hiller|publisher=Institut für Deutsche Sprache|place=Mannheim|url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/linguistics/assets/documents/MarcusHiller.pdf|access-date=2015-02-24}}</ref>|| {{IPA|[ʁ̞oʃt]}} || 近音。<ref name="Hiller"/>它是{{IPA|/ʁ/}}在音节首的同位异音,<ref name="Hiller"/>其他时候它是[[会厌近音]]。<ref name="Hiller"/> |
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| rowspan="2" | [[希伯来语]] || [[书面希伯来语]] || rowspan="2" | '''ע'''וֹרֵב ||{{IPA|[ʁoˈreβ]}} || rowspan="2" |大乌鸦||参见[[书面希伯来语]]。 |
| rowspan="2" | [[希伯来语]] || [[书面希伯来语]] || rowspan="2" | '''ע'''וֹרֵב ||{{IPA|[ʁoˈreβ]}} || rowspan="2" |大乌鸦||参见[[书面希伯来语]]。 |
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== 註釋 == |
== 註釋 == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== 參考文獻 == |
== 參考文獻 == |
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{{refbegin|2}} |
{{refbegin|2}} |
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|last=Basbøll |
|last=Basbøll |
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|first=Hans |
|first=Hans |
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|authorlink=:en:Hans Basbøll |
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|year=2005 |
|year=2005 |
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|title=The Phonology of Danish |
|title=The Phonology of Danish |
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|url=http://npu.edu.ua/!e-book/book/djvu/A/iif_kgpm_Collins_Phonetics_of_English_and_Dutch_pdf.pdf |
|url=http://npu.edu.ua/!e-book/book/djvu/A/iif_kgpm_Collins_Phonetics_of_English_and_Dutch_pdf.pdf |
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|access-date=2015-06-05 |
|access-date=2015-06-05 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228163816/http://npu.edu.ua/!e-book/book/djvu/A/iif_kgpm_Collins_Phonetics_of_English_and_Dutch_pdf.pdf |
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|archive-date=2016-12-28 |
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|dead-url=yes |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{Citation |
* {{Citation |
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|issn = 0777-3692 |
|issn = 0777-3692 |
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|url = http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
|url = http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
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|deadurl = yes |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150413011639/http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
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|archivedate = 2015-04-13 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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第251行: | 第248行: | ||
|last=Kachru |
|last=Kachru |
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|first=Yamuna |
|first=Yamuna |
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|authorlink=:en:Yamuna Kachru |
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|year=2006 |
|year=2006 |
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|title=Hindi |
|title=Hindi |
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|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |
|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |
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|isbn=90-272-3812-X |
|isbn=90-272-3812-X |
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|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=ooH5VfLTQEQC |
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|accessdate=2015-06-05 |
|accessdate=2015-06-05 |
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|archive-date=2014-07-14 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181455/http://books.google.pl/books?id=ooH5VfLTQEQC |
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|dead-url=no |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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第276行: | 第273行: | ||
|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000145 |
|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000145 |
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|accessdate=2015-06-05 |
|accessdate=2015-06-05 |
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|archive-date=2015-01-28 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112705/http://academic.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%20Weise%202013%20Upper%20Saxon%20Chemnitz%20dialect.pdf |
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|dead-url=no |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{SOWL}} |
* {{SOWL}} |
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第289行: | 第286行: | ||
|place=Edinburgh |
|place=Edinburgh |
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|isbn=978-0-7486-2540-6 |
|isbn=978-0-7486-2540-6 |
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|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GlfgKA34jP8C |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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第325行: | 第322行: | ||
|issn = 0777-3692 |
|issn = 0777-3692 |
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|url = http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
|url = http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
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|deadurl = yes |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150413011639/http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/h.vandevelde/onderzoek/%27r-atics.pdf |
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|archivedate = 2015-04-13 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{citation |
* {{citation |
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第340行: | 第337行: | ||
|last=Wells |
|last=Wells |
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|first=John C. |
|first=John C. |
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|authorlink=:en:John C. Wells |
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|year=1982 |
|year=1982 |
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|title=Accents of English |
|title=Accents of English |