贵屿镇:修订间差异

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{{中国乡级行政区|44/05/13/107/000}}
'''贵屿镇'''是中华人民共和国[[广东省]][[汕头市]][[潮阳区]]所辖一个[[行政建制镇]],位[[南中海]]海岸,由潮陽區行政村成,合共人口15<ref name="Environmental Science & Technology">{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanenvironment.info/Abstract/41017042.pdf |title=Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling and it Human Health Implications in Southeast China |publisher=Environmental Science & Technology |date=2008-01-05 |access-date=2012-11-27 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105633/http://www.aseanenvironment.info/Abstract/41017042.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。位于潮阳区西部与[[潮南区]]和[[普宁市]]三区市交界处,总面积52.17平方公里,下辖8个[[居委会]]:居民委员会:龙港、仙彭、华美、南安、北林、联堤、东洋、贵屿,和19个[[村委会]]:渡头、仙马、凤港、凤新、泗美、玉窖、后望、新厝、湄洲、佳安、山力、下陇、新乡、坑仔、浮山、山联、山前、西美、石夹<ref group="参">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/shtml/cyq/lanmu1/2009/04/23/4043.shtml|title=贵屿镇|publisher=广东省情信息库|date=2009-04-23|accessdate=2009-09-14}}{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>。至2003年末总人口13.3727万人<ref group="参">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://www.stjhsy.gov.cn/tjsj_v.asp?id=185|title=2003年末各区县分街道、镇户数与人口|publisher=汕头市人口与计划生育局|accessdate=2009-09-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205132223/http://www.stjhsy.gov.cn/tjsj_v.asp?id=185|archivedate=2010-12-05}}</ref>。該鎮是中国首批循环经济试点单位<ref group="参">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://keji.eco.gov.cn/2/6/8/2/2009/0512/5058.html |title=潮阳区贵屿镇列入首批国家循环经济试点单位 |publisher=汕头日报 |date=2005-12-08 |accessdate=2009-09-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216134709/http://keji.eco.gov.cn/2/6/8/2/2009/0512/5058.html |archivedate=2010-12-16 }}</ref>。該鎮被指是全球最大的电子垃圾处理场<ref group="参">{{cite news|publisher=The Seattle Times|first=Tim|last=Johnson|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002920133_ewaste09.html|title=E-waste dump of the world|date=2006-04-09|access-date=2007-03-09|language=en|archive-date=2007-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615023537/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002920133_ewaste09.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>,饱受污染的[[练江 (广东)|练江]]流经此地。与[[清远市]][[龙塘镇 (清远市)|龙塘镇]]、[[南海区]][[大沥镇]]等是全中国8大电子洋垃圾集散地<ref group="参">{{cite news |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |title=清远千家非法拆解厂 一年拆解百万吨洋垃圾 |publisher=新快报 |date=2007-06-08 |accessdate=2009-09-14 |archive-date=2009-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000002/http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。贵屿镇的环境污染问题曾被“[[:en:Basel Action Network|Basel Action Network]]”制成纪录片,引起[[绿色和平组织]]、[[联合国环境署]]、[[巴塞]]等国际社会、组织的关注。<ref group="参">{{cite web|url=http://www.ban.org/main/library.html#scientific|dead-url=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203064829/http://www.ban.org/main/library.html#scientific|title=Scientific Articles|publisher=Basel Action Network|archive-date=2008-12-03|access-date=2008-11-13}}</ref>。《[[健力士世界大全]]》2013年版將當地的問題紀錄地是全世界最大的[[电子垃圾]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Guinness World Records 2013 |page=37 |isbn=9781904994879}}</ref>。


'''贵屿镇'''是中华人民共和国[[广东省]][[汕头市]][[潮阳区]]所辖一个[[行政建制镇]],位[[南中海]]海岸,由潮阳区行政村成,合共人口15<ref name="Environmental Science & Technology">{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanenvironment.info/Abstract/41017042.pdf |title=Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling and it Human Health Implications in Southeast China |publisher=Environmental Science & Technology |date=2008-01-05 |access-date=2012-11-27 |language=en }}</ref>。位于潮阳区西部与[[潮南区]]和[[普宁市]]三区市交界处,总面积52.17平方公里,下辖8个[[居委会]]:居民委员会:龙港、仙彭、华美、南安、北林、联堤、东洋、贵屿,和19个[[村委会]]:渡头、仙马、凤港、凤新、泗美、玉窖、后望、新厝、湄洲、佳安、山力、下陇、新乡、坑仔、浮山、山联、山前、西美、石夹<ref group="参">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/shtml/cyq/lanmu1/2009/04/23/4043.shtml|title=贵屿镇|publisher=广东省情信息库|date=2009-04-23|accessdate=2009-09-14}}{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>。至2003年末总人口13.3727万人<ref group="参">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://www.stjhsy.gov.cn/tjsj_v.asp?id=185|title=2003年末各区县分街道、镇户数与人口|publisher=汕头市人口与计划生育局|accessdate=2009-09-14}}</ref>。该镇是中国首批循环经济试点单位<ref group="参">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://keji.eco.gov.cn/2/6/8/2/2009/0512/5058.html |title=潮阳区贵屿镇列入首批国家循环经济试点单位 |publisher=汕头日报 |date=2005-12-08 |accessdate=2009-09-14 }}</ref>。该镇被指是全球最大的电子垃圾处理场<ref group="参">{{cite news|publisher=The Seattle Times|first=Tim|last=Johnson|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002920133_ewaste09.html|title=E-waste dump of the world|date=2006-04-09|access-date=2007-03-09|language=en}}</ref>,饱受污染的[[练江 (广东)|练江]]流经此地。与[[清远市]][[龙塘镇 (清远市)|龙塘镇]]、[[南海区]][[大沥镇]]等是全中国8大电子洋垃圾集散地<ref group="参">{{cite news |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |title=清远千家非法拆解厂 一年拆解百万吨洋垃圾 |publisher=新快报 |date=2007-06-08 |accessdate=2009-09-14 }}</ref>。贵屿镇的环境污染问题曾被“[[:en:Basel Action Network|Basel Action Network]]”制成纪录片,引起[[绿色和平组织]]、[[联合国环境署]]、[[巴塞]]等国际社会、组织的关注。<ref group="参">{{cite web|url=http://www.ban.org/main/library.html#scientific|||title=Scientific Articles|publisher=Basel Action Network||access-date=2008-11-13}}</ref>。《[[健力士世界大全]]》2013年版将当地的问题纪录地是全世界最大的[[电子垃圾]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Guinness World Records 2013 |page=37 |isbn=9781904994879}}</ref>。
==电子废物==

== 电子废物 ==
{{main|贵屿镇电子废物问题}}
{{main|贵屿镇电子废物问题}}


===处理历史===
=== 处理历史 ===
贵屿大约在1995年开始接收电子废物,慢慢吸引了地方农民为处理场堆填该等废料,估计有15万工人在贵屿从事相关工作<ref group="参">{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071119/ap_on_re_as/china_toxic_electronics |title=China not fighting off e-waste nightmare |author=Christopher Bodeen |publisher=Associated Press Writer |date=2007-11-18}}</ref>。每个工人平均每日只有15美元的工资,每日平均工作10小时。处理废物的手法也十分原始。工人通常会对电路板进行加热,以清除表面芯片并接合物,再烧熔电线等物料提炼出[[铜]],并将强酸倒入河岸淋洗芯片,提出内在的[[金]],或扫走打印机墨盒的调色剂。
贵屿大约在1995年开始接收电子废物,慢慢吸引了地方农民为处理场堆填该等废料,估计有15万工人在贵屿从事相关工作<!-- removed_ref site159 by WaitSpring-bot (template) -->。每个工人平均每日只有15美元的工资,每日平均工作10小时。处理废物的手法也十分原始。工人通常会对电路板进行加热,以清除表面芯片并接合物,再烧熔电线等物料提炼出[[铜]],并将强酸倒入河岸淋洗芯片,提出内在的[[金]],或扫走打印机墨盒的调色剂。


===污染===
=== 污染 ===
处理期间释出的重金属及有毒物质,如[[铅]]、[[铬]]、[[锡]]等,已严重污染当地土壤。2008年,一研究比較貴嶼當地一家工及30公里外兩個本,分析中重金污染的程度,發現當埃的鉛及含量30公里以外地的371倍115倍;此外研究亦發現這埃不在流的[[连江 (河流)|连江]]沉澱,而河流本身亦其早已被三倍安全指引以上的[[多氯苯]]污染<ref>{{cite news|title=Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling|last=Leung|first=Anna|date=2008-03-04 |publication-place=Hong Kong|doi=10.1021/es071873x}}</ref>。燃燒掉的塑膠令地八成的童血液的鉛水平至危程度<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/sep/21/global-fly-tipping-toxic-waste | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=From toxic waste to toxic assets, the same people always get dumped on | first=George | last=Monbiot | date=2009-09-21 | access-date=2010-05-04 | language=en | archive-date=2021-04-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414072652/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/sep/21/global-fly-tipping-toxic-waste | dead-url=no }}</ref>;而当地儿童长期接触[[二恶英]]灰烬,而居民则同时受重金属的影响,健康受到很大损害。污染物同时进入水源,河水已经不能饮用,当地的饮用水只能由其它地方运送而来。根据BAN的报告,水中的铅含量超出欧盟安全标准两倍。<ref group="参">{{cite news |url=http://www.ban.org/E-waste/technotrashfinalcomp.pdf |title=Exporting Harm:The High-Tech Trashing of Asia |date=2002-02-25 |access-date=2008-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309044103/http://www.ban.org/E-waste/technotrashfinalcomp.pdf |archive-date=2008-03-09 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>而灰烬与塑料废物则被随处弃置在稻田及练江江的堤围。
处理期间释出的重金属及有毒物质,如[[铅]]、[[铬]]、[[锡]]等,已严重污染当地土壤。2008年,一研究比较贵屿当地一家工及30公里外两个本,分析中重金污染的程度,发现当埃的鉛及含量30公里以外地的371倍115倍;此外研究亦发现这埃不在流的[[连江 (河流)|连江]]沉澱,而河流本身亦其早已被三倍安全指引以上的[[多氯苯]]污染<ref>{{cite news|title=Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling|last=Leung|first=Anna|date=2008-03-04 |publication-place=Hong Kong|doi=10.1021/es071873x}}</ref>。燃燒掉的塑膠令地八成的童血液的鉛水平至危程度<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/sep/21/global-fly-tipping-toxic-waste | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=From toxic waste to toxic assets, the same people always get dumped on | first=George | last=Monbiot | date=2009-09-21 | access-date=2010-05-04 | language=en }}</ref>;而当地儿童长期接触[[二恶英]]灰烬,而居民则同时受重金属的影响,健康受到很大损害。污染物同时进入水源,河水已经不能饮用,当地的饮用水只能由其它地方运送而来。根据BAN的报告,水中的铅含量超出欧盟安全标准两倍。<ref group="参">{{cite news |url=http://www.ban.org/E-waste/technotrashfinalcomp.pdf |title=Exporting Harm:The High-Tech Trashing of Asia |date=2002-02-25 |access-date=2008-11-13 }}</ref>而灰烬与塑料废物则被随处弃置在稻田及练江江的堤围。


===近况===
=== 近况 ===
[[60分钟时事杂志]]在2008年到贵屿镇进行采访<ref group="参">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/06/60minutes/main4579229.shtml |title=Following The Trail Of Toxic E-Waste |publisher=60 Minutes |date=2008-11-06 |accessdate=2009-09-14 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102054900/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/06/60minutes/main4579229.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>,发现当地污染情况未有太大改善,而根据CBS的报导,贵屿县的流产率比正常高出六倍,70%的儿童血含铅量亦过高。
[[60分钟时事杂志]]在2008年到贵屿镇进行采访<ref group="参">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/06/60minutes/main4579229.shtml |title=Following The Trail Of Toxic E-Waste |publisher=60 Minutes |date=2008-11-06 |accessdate=2009-09-14 }}</ref>,发现当地污染情况未有太大改善,而根据CBS的报导,贵屿县的流产率比正常高出六倍,70%的儿童血含铅量亦过高。


2013年始,地地方政府把最污染的理工場遷實驗的[[工態學態園]],名the National Circular Economy Pilot Industry Park. There, toxic waste by products can be better treated and recycled. Air and water quality subsequently improved in the town, though many were still left contaminated from the remnants of E-waste processing and have not been cleaned up.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2112226/chinas-most-notorious-e-waste-dumping-ground-now-cleaner-poorer|title=China’s notorious e-waste dumping ground cleaner but poorer|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503224756/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2112226/chinas-most-notorious-e-waste-dumping-ground-now-cleaner-poorer|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2013年始,地地方政府把最污染的理工场迁实验的[[工态学态园]],名the National Circular Economy Pilot Industry Park. There, toxic waste by products can be better treated and recycled. Air and water quality subsequently improved in the town, though many were still left contaminated from the remnants of E-waste processing and have not been cleaned up.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2112226/chinas-most-notorious-e-waste-dumping-ground-now-cleaner-poorer|title=China’s notorious e-waste dumping ground cleaner but poorer|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en}}</ref>


==参见==
== 参见 ==
*廣東省其他受物污染的地方:
* 广东省其他受物污染的地方:
**[[佛山市]][[南海区]][[大沥镇]]
** [[佛山市]][[南海区]][[大沥镇]]
**[[清远市]][[清城区]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |title=清远千家非法拆解厂 一年拆解百万吨洋垃圾 |newspaper=南方新闻网 |date=2007-06-08 |access-date=2017-09-28 |language=zh-hans |archive-date=2009-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000002/http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
** [[清远市]][[清城区]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/yingxiang/shishi/200706080212.htm |title=清远千家非法拆解厂 一年拆解百万吨洋垃圾 |newspaper=南方新闻网 |date=2007-06-08 |access-date=2017-09-28 |language=zh-hans }}</ref>
*[[阿博布罗西]]:西非家加纳同物污染的地方
* [[阿博布罗西]]:西非家加纳同物污染的地方


==参考资料==
== 参考资料 ==
{{refFoot}}
{{reflist |group="参"}}


==註釋==
== 注释 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
== 外部链接 ==

* [http://humanities.cn/modules/article/view.tag.php?广东贵屿 关于广东贵屿的专题图文阅读]{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
==外部链接==
* [http://www.greenpeace.org/china/zh/campaigns/toxic/greenpc/guiyu 绿色和平网站上关于贵屿电子垃圾的调查报告]
*[http://humanities.cn/modules/article/view.tag.php?广东贵屿 关于广东贵屿的专题图文阅读]{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.china-pix.com/multimedia/guiyu/ ||title=贵屿电子垃圾照 ||accessdate=2019-12-28 |}}
*[http://www.greenpeace.org/china/zh/campaigns/toxic/greenpc/guiyu 绿色和平网站上关于贵屿电子垃圾的调查报告] {{Wayback|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/china/zh/campaigns/toxic/greenpc/guiyu |date=20100822181747 }}
*{{cite news |url=http://www.china-pix.com/multimedia/guiyu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828105017/http://www.china-pix.com/multimedia/guiyu/ |title=貴嶼電子垃圾照 |archive-date=2008-08-28 |accessdate=2019-12-28 |dead-url=no }}


{{汕头市潮阳区行政区划}}
{{汕头市潮阳区行政区划}}

[[Category:潮阳区行政区划|镇]]
[[Category:潮阳区行政区划|镇]]
[[Category:汕头建制镇|潮阳区]]
[[Category:汕头建制镇|潮阳区]]
[[Category:中华人民共和国环境保护]]
[[Category:广东的世界之最]]
[[Category:广东的世界之最]]