量子演算法:修订间差异

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'''量子演算法'''(Quantum algorithm;量子算法)是在[[量子算]]中,量子算的現實模型上行的[[演算法]],最常用的模型是[[量子路]]的算模型。<ref>{{cite book|title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information|last1=Nielsen|first1=Michael A.|last2=Chuang|first2=Isaac L.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-521-63503-5|author-link=Michael Nielsen|author-link2=Isaac Chuang|title-link=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv|eprint=0808.0369|class=quant-ph|first=M.|last=Mosca|author-link=Michele Mosca|title=Quantum Algorithms|date=2008}}</ref>典(或非量子)演算法是有限的指令序列,或用解決問題的分步驟程,其中每步驟或指令都可以在行。同地量子演算法是一循序漸進程,其中每步驟都可以在[[量子]]上行。儘管所有典演算法也可以在量子行,<ref>{{Cite book|title = Quantum Computer Science|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-wkJIuw0YRsC&q=quantum%2520computer%2520equivalent%2520classical%2520computer&pg=PA23|publisher = Morgan & Claypool Publishers|date = 2009-01-01|isbn = 9781598297324|first1 = Marco|last1 = Lanzagorta|first2 = Jeffrey K.|last2 = Uhlmann}}</ref>{{rp|126}}量子演算法一通常用那些看起上是量子的演算法,或者使用量子算的某些基本特,例如[[量子疊加]]、或[[量子糾纏]]等。
'''量子演算法'''(Quantum algorithm;量子算法)是在[[量子算]]中,量子算的现实模型上行的[[演算法]],最常用的模型是[[量子线路]]的算模型。<ref>{{cite book|title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information|last1=Nielsen|first1=Michael A.|last2=Chuang|first2=Isaac L.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-521-63503-5|||title-link=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv|eprint=0808.0369|class=quant-ph|first=M.|last=Mosca||title=Quantum Algorithms|date=2008}}</ref>典(或非量子)演算法是有限的指令序列,或用解決问题的分步驟程,其中每步驟或指令都可以在行。同地量子演算法是一循序渐进程,其中每步驟都可以在[[量子]]上行。儘管所有典演算法也可以在量子行,<ref>{{Cite book|title = Quantum Computer Science||publisher = Morgan & Claypool Publishers|date = 2009-01-01|isbn = 9781598297324|first1 = Marco|last1 = Lanzagorta|first2 = Jeffrey K.|last2 = Uhlmann}}</ref>{{rp|126}}量子演算法一通常用那些看起上是量子的演算法,或者使用量子算的某些基本特,例如[[量子疊加]]、或[[量子糾纏]]等。


使用機對於[[不可判定問題]]仍然法使用量子判定。<ref name=nielchuan>{{cite book|title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information|last1=Nielsen|first1=Michael A.|last2=Chuang|first2=Isaac L.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-107-00217-3|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge|author-link=Michael A. Nielsen|author-link2=Isaac Chuang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s4DEy7o-a0C}}</ref>{{rp|127}}量子演算法的有趣之可能比典演算法更快地解決一些問題,因量子演算法利用的量子疊加及量子糾纏可能法解決在行有效的模擬(閱[[量子越性]])。
使用机对于[[不可判定问题]]仍然法使用量子判定。<ref name=nielchuan>{{cite book|title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information|last1=Nielsen|first1=Michael A.|last2=Chuang|first2=Isaac L.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-107-00217-3|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{rp|127}}量子演算法的有趣之可能比典演算法更快地解決一些问题,因量子演算法利用的量子疊加及量子糾纏可能法解決在行有效的模擬(閱[[量子越性]])。


最著名的演算法是用因式分解的[[蕭演算法]]以及用搜索非結構數據庫,或序列表的[[格罗弗算法]]。蕭演算法比最著名的典分解算法([[普通域篩法]])行得快得多(乎呈指數級)。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/guide/shors-algorithm|title = Shor's algorithm}}</ref>對於相同的任,格弗演算法的行速度比最好的典演算法快倍,是一[[性搜索]]方法。
最著名的演算法是用因式分解的[[蕭演算法]]以及用搜索非结构数据库,或序列表的[[格罗弗算法]]。蕭演算法比最著名的典分解算法([[普通域篩法]])行得快得多(乎呈指数级)。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/guide/shors-algorithm|title = Shor's algorithm}}</ref>对于相同的任,格弗演算法的行速度比最好的典演算法快倍,是一[[线性搜索]]方法。


== 註釋 ==
== 注释 ==
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== 閱 ==
== 閱 ==
* [[量子程]]
* [[量子程]]


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部链接 ==
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* The [https://web.archive.org/web/20180429014516/https://math.nist.gov/quantum/zoo/ Quantum Algorithm Zoo]: A comprehensive list of quantum algorithms that provide a speedup over the fastest known classical algorithms.
* The [https://math.nist.gov/quantum/zoo/ Quantum Algorithm Zoo]: A comprehensive list of quantum algorithms that provide a speedup over the fastest known classical algorithms.
* [https://www.cs.umd.edu/~amchilds/qa/ Andrew Childs' lecture notes on quantum algorithms]
* [https://www.cs.umd.edu/~amchilds/qa/ Andrew Childs' lecture notes on quantum algorithms]
* [https://bastion.center/the-quantum-search-algorithm/ The Quantum search algorithm - brute force].
* [https://bastion.center/the-quantum-search-algorithm/ The Quantum search algorithm - brute force].


=== 調查 ===
=== 查 ===
* {{Cite book | last1 = Smith | first1 = J. | last2 = Mosca | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-92910-9_43 | chapter = Algorithms for Quantum Computers | title = Handbook of Natural Computing | pages = 1451 | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-3-540-92909-3 | s2cid = 16565723 }}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Smith | first1 = J. | last2 = Mosca | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-92910-9_43 | chapter = Algorithms for Quantum Computers | title = Handbook of Natural Computing | pages = 1451 | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-3-540-92909-3 | s2cid = 16565723 }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Childs | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Van Dam | first2 = W. | doi = 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1 | title = Quantum algorithms for algebraic problems | journal = Reviews of Modern Physics | volume = 82 | pages = 1–52 | year = 2010 | issue = 1 |bibcode = 2010RvMP...82....1C | arxiv = 0812.0380 | s2cid = 119261679 }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Childs | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Van Dam | first2 = W. | doi = 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1 | title = Quantum algorithms for algebraic problems | journal = Reviews of Modern Physics | volume = 82 | pages = 1–52 | year = 2010 | issue = 1 |bibcode = 2010RvMP...82....1C | arxiv = 0812.0380 | s2cid = 119261679 }}
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[[Category:量子演算法| ]]
[[Category:量子演算法| ]]
[[Category:量子算]]
[[Category:量子算]]
[[Category:量子信息]]
[[Category:量子信息]]
[[Category:理论计算机科学]]
[[Category:理论计算机科学]]