河鼓三：修订间差异

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'''河鼓三'''（'''γ Aql'''/'''天鷹座γ'''），英文名Tarazed<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names | accessdate=28 July 2016 | archive-date=2018-07-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707180747/http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | dead-url=yes }}</ref>，是位於[[天鷹座]]的一顆[[恒星]]。它的[[視星等]]2.712 <ref name=saaoc8_59/>，使它以裸眼都很容易看見。 [[視差]]測量得到它與[[太陽]]的距離大約是{{Convert|395|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>。
'''河鼓三'''（'''γ Aql'''/'''天鷹座γ'''），英文名Tarazed<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names | accessdate=2016-07-28 }}</ref>，是位於[[天鷹座]]的一顆[[恒星]]。它的[[視星等]]2.712 <ref name=saaoc8_59/>，使它以裸眼都很容易看見。 [[視差]]測量得到它與[[太陽]]的距離大約是{{Convert|395|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>。


== 物理性質 ==
== 物理性質 ==
[[File:Altair-Tarazed-heic0720c.jpg|河鼓三相對於[[牛郎星]]（河鼓二，在中心）的位置。|缩略图|左|140px]]
[[File:Altair-Tarazed-heic0720c.jpg|河鼓三相對於[[牛郎星]]（河鼓二，在中心）的位置。|thumb|left|140px]]
河鼓三的年齡大約只有一億歲，是一顆相對年輕的恆星。然而，它在[[恆星演化]]的路途上已經消耗掉核心的氫，進入[[亮巨星]]的階段，在[[恆星分類]]上是K3II<ref name=araa11_29/>。這顆恆星正在核心將[[氦]]燃燒為[[碳]]。當河鼓三耗盡核融合的燃料之後，它將成為[[白矮星]]<ref name=kaler/>。
河鼓三的年齡大約只有一億歲，是一顆相對年輕的恆星。然而，它在[[恆星演化]]的路途上已經消耗掉核心的氫，進入[[亮巨星]]的階段，在[[恆星分類]]上是K3II<ref name=araa11_29/>。這顆恆星正在核心將[[氦]]燃燒為[[碳]]。當河鼓三耗盡核融合的燃料之後，它將成為[[白矮星]]<ref name=kaler/>。


第71行： 第71行：
| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)
| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)
| publisher=[[International Astronomical Union]]
| publisher=[[International Astronomical Union]]
| accessdate=22 May 2016
| accessdate=2016-05-22
| postscript=.
| postscript=.
| archive-date=2019-03-30
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330194042/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>標準化恆星的名稱和目錄。 WGSN在2016年8月21日核定了這顆恆星的名字為"Tarazed"，並收錄進國際天文學聯合會的恆星名稱目錄<ref name="IAU-CSN"/>。
}}</ref>標準化恆星的名稱和目錄。 WGSN在2016年8月21日核定了這顆恆星的名字為"Tarazed"，並收錄進國際天文學聯合會的恆星名稱目錄<ref name="IAU-CSN"/>。


第82行： 第79行：
| title=Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket
| title=Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume=55 | page=429 |date=June 1895
| volume=55 | page=429 |date=1895-06
| bibcode=1895MNRAS..55..429K | doi=10.1093/mnras/55.8.429}}</ref>。
| bibcode=1895MNRAS..55..429K | doi=10.1093/mnras/55.8.429}}</ref>。


在[[漢語|中國]]，{{lang|zh|河鼓}}（{{lang|zh-Latn|Hé Gŭ}}），是一個星官，意思是[[牛宿|河邊的鼓]]，主要的成員還有河鼓一（天鷹座β）和[[河鼓二]]（天鷹座α，牛郎星）<ref>{{zh icon}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref>。天鷹座γ就是{{lang|zh|河鼓三}} （{{lang|zh-Latn|Hé Gŭ sān}}，{{lang-en|河鼓的第三顆星}}。）<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819122914/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm |date=August 19, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>。在中國神話中，這顆星和河鼓一是[[玉皇上帝|玉皇大帝]]的女兒[[牛郎織女|織女]]（[[織女星]]）和[[牛郎織女|牛郎]]（牛郎星）的兩個孩子。
在[[漢語|中國]]，{{lang|zh|河鼓}}（{{lang|zh-Latn|Hé Gŭ}}），是一個星官，意思是[[牛宿|河邊的鼓]]，主要的成員還有河鼓一（天鷹座β）和[[河鼓二]]（天鷹座α，牛郎星）<ref>{{zh icon}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref>。天鷹座γ就是{{lang|zh|河鼓三}} （{{lang|zh-Latn|Hé Gŭ sān}}，{{lang-en|河鼓的第三顆星}}。）<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] , Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>。在中國神話中，這顆星和河鼓一是[[玉皇上帝|玉皇大帝]]的女兒[[牛郎織女|織女]]（[[織女星]]）和[[牛郎織女|牛郎]]（牛郎星）的兩個孩子。


[[維多利亞|澳大利亞]]的桑折人（The Koori people）稱河鼓一和河鼓三是[[黑天鵝]] ''Bunjil''（[[楔尾雕]]，河鼓二）的妻子<ref>{{cite book|last=Mudrooroo|title=Aboriginal mythology : an A-Z spanning the history of aboriginal mythology from the earliest legends to the present day|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=London|date=1994|page=4|isbn=1-85538-306-3}}</ref>。
[[維多利亞|澳大利亞]]的桑折人（The Koori people）稱河鼓一和河鼓三是[[黑天鵝]] ''Bunjil''（[[楔尾雕]]，河鼓二）的妻子<ref>{{cite book|last=Mudrooroo|title=Aboriginal mythology : an A-Z spanning the history of aboriginal mythology from the earliest legends to the present day|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=London|date=1994|page=4|isbn=1-85538-306-3}}</ref>。


== 參考資料 ==
== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
{{reflist|refs=


<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 }}</ref>
<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=2007-11 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 }}</ref>


<ref name=apjss74>{{citation | last1=McWilliam | first1=Andrew | title=High-resolution spectroscopic survey of 671 GK giants. I - Stellar atmosphere parameters and abundances | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume=74 | pages=1075–1128 |date=December 1990 | doi=10.1086/191527 | bibcode=1990ApJS...74.1075M }}</ref>
<ref name=apjss74>{{citation | last1=McWilliam | first1=Andrew | title=High-resolution spectroscopic survey of 671 GK giants. I - Stellar atmosphere parameters and abundances | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume=74 | pages=1075–1128 |date=1990-12 | doi=10.1086/191527 | bibcode=1990ApJS...74.1075M }}</ref>


<ref name=araa11_29>{{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | issue=1 | page=29 | date=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}</ref>
<ref name=araa11_29>{{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | issue=1 | page=29 | date=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}</ref>


<ref name=aaa430_165>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Famaey | first1=B. | last2=Jorissen | first2=A. | last3=Luri | first3=X. | last4=Mayor | first4=M. | last5=Udry | first5=S. | last6=Dejonghe | first6=H. | last7=Turon | first7=C. | title=Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=430 | issue=1 | pages=165–186 |date=January 2005 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041272 | bibcode=2005A&A...430..165F |arxiv = astro-ph/0409579 }}</ref>
<ref name=aaa430_165>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Famaey | first1=B. | last2=Jorissen | first2=A. | last3=Luri | first3=X. | last4=Mayor | first4=M. | last5=Udry | first5=S. | last6=Dejonghe | first6=H. | last7=Turon | first7=C. | title=Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=430 | issue=1 | pages=165–186 |date=2005-01 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041272 | bibcode=2005A&A...430..165F |arxiv = astro-ph/0409579 }}</ref>


<ref name=csrv>{{citation | last1=Bernacca | first1=P. L. | last2=Perinotto | first2=M. | title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities | journal=Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago | volume=239 | issue=1 | date=1970 | bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B }}</ref>
<ref name=csrv>{{citation | last1=Bernacca | first1=P. L. | last2=Perinotto | first2=M. | title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities | journal=Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago | volume=239 | issue=1 | date=1970 | bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B }}</ref>
第104行： 第101行：
<ref name=saaoc8_59>{{citation | last1=Cousins | first1=A. W. J. | title=Standardization of Broadband Photometry of Equatorial Standards | journal=South African Astronomical Observatory Circulars | volume=8 | page=59 | date=1984 | bibcode=1984SAAOC...8...59C }}</ref>
<ref name=saaoc8_59>{{citation | last1=Cousins | first1=A. W. J. | title=Standardization of Broadband Photometry of Equatorial Standards | journal=South African Astronomical Observatory Circulars | volume=8 | page=59 | date=1984 | bibcode=1984SAAOC...8...59C }}</ref>


<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=TARAZED -- Star in double system | work=SIMBAD | publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Aquilae | accessdate=2012-01-09 | archive-date=2020-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105141030/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Aquilae | dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=TARAZED -- Star in double system | work=SIMBAD | publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Aquilae | accessdate=2012-01-09 }}</ref>


<ref name=an331_4_349>{{citation | last1=Hohle | first1=M. M. | last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Schutz | first3=B. F. | title=Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants | journal=Astronomische Nachrichten | volume=331 | issue=4 | page=349 |date=April 2010 | doi=10.1002/asna.200911355 | bibcode=2010AN....331..349H |arxiv = 1003.2335 }}</ref>
<ref name=an331_4_349>{{citation | last1=Hohle | first1=M. M. | last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Schutz | first3=B. F. | title=Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants | journal=Astronomische Nachrichten | volume=331 | issue=4 | page=349 |date=2010-04 | doi=10.1002/asna.200911355 | bibcode=2010AN....331..349H |arxiv = 1003.2335 }}</ref>


<ref name=aj126_5_2502>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Mozurkewich | first1=D. | last2=Armstrong | first2=J. T. | last3=Hindsley | first3=R. B. | last4=Quirrenbach | first4=A. | last5=Hummel | first5=C. A. | last6=Hutter | first6=D. J. | last7=Johnston | first7=K. J. | last8=Hajian | first8=A. R. | last9=Elias | first9=Nicholas M., II | title=Angular Diameters of Stars from the Mark III Optical Interferometer | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=126 | issue=5 | pages=2502–2520 |date=November 2003 | doi=10.1086/378596 | bibcode=2003AJ....126.2502M }}</ref>
<ref name=aj126_5_2502>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Mozurkewich | first1=D. | last2=Armstrong | first2=J. T. | last3=Hindsley | first3=R. B. | last4=Quirrenbach | first4=A. | last5=Hummel | first5=C. A. | last6=Hutter | first6=D. J. | last7=Johnston | first7=K. J. | last8=Hajian | first8=A. R. | last9=Elias | first9=Nicholas M., II | title=Angular Diameters of Stars from the Mark III Optical Interferometer | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=126 | issue=5 | pages=2502–2520 |date=2003-11 | doi=10.1086/378596 | bibcode=2003AJ....126.2502M }}</ref>


<ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3 | publisher=[[Birkhäuser]] | date=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 | accessdate=2018-07-02 | archive-date=2019-05-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520044254/https://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 | dead-url=no }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
<ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3 | publisher=[[Birkhäuser]] | date=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | | accessdate=2018-07-02 | | | }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
:<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
:<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
& = \frac{(10^{-3}\cdot 121\cdot 7.271)\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
& = \frac{(10^{-3}\cdot 121\cdot 7.271)\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
第116行： 第113行：
\end{align}</math></ref>
\end{align}</math></ref>


<ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | title=TARAZED (Gamma Aquilae) | work=Stars | publisher=[[University of Illinois]] | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/tarazed.html | accessdate=2012-01-10 | archive-date=2020-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003035428/http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/tarazed.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | title=TARAZED (Gamma Aquilae) | work=Stars | publisher=[[University of Illinois]] | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/tarazed.html | accessdate=2012-01-10 }}</ref>


<ref name=csiro>{{citation |title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=[[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archivedate=2012-03-10 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name=csiro>{{citation |title=The Colour of Stars |date=2004-12-21 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=[[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 ||||df= }}</ref>


<ref name=aj135_3_892>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Carney | first1=Bruce W. | last2=Gray | first2=David F. | last3=Yong | first3=David | last4=Latham | first4=David W. | last5=Manset | first5=Nadine | last6=Zelman | first6=Rachel | last7=Laird | first7=John B. | title=Rotation and Macroturbulence in Metal-Poor Field Red Giant and Red Horizontal Branch Stars | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=3 | pages=892–906 |date=March 2008 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/892 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..892C |arxiv = 0711.4984 }}</ref>
<ref name=aj135_3_892>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Carney | first1=Bruce W. | last2=Gray | first2=David F. | last3=Yong | first3=David | last4=Latham | first4=David W. | last5=Manset | first5=Nadine | last6=Zelman | first6=Rachel | last7=Laird | first7=John B. | title=Rotation and Macroturbulence in Metal-Poor Field Red Giant and Red Horizontal Branch Stars | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=3 | pages=892–906 |date=2008-03 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/892 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..892C |arxiv = 0711.4984 }}</ref>


}}
}}


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部連結 ==
* [http://www.constellationsofwords.com/stars/Tarazed.html Tarazed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.constellationsofwords.com/stars/Tarazed.html |date=20180609014328 }}
* [http://www.constellationsofwords.com/stars/Tarazed.html Tarazed]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090713200346/http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/astronomy/constellations/19460060.htm Tarazed]
* [http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/astronomy/constellations/19460060.htm Tarazed]
* [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=HR&HR=7525 HR 7525] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=HR&HR=7525 |date=20200724204721 }}
* [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=HR&HR=7525 HR 7525]
* [http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinPreview?-c=NAME+TARAZED&ident=NAME+TARAZED&submit=Aladin+previewer Image Gamma Aquilae]
* [http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinPreview?-c=NAME+TARAZED&ident=NAME+TARAZED&submit=Aladin+previewer Image Gamma Aquilae]


取自“https://www.qiuwenbaike.cn/wiki/河鼓三”