庆尚方言:修订间差异

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|states=[[韩国]]、[[中鮮語#地域差别|中国]]、[[俄罗斯]]
|states=[[韩国]]、[[中鲜语#地域差别|中国]]、[[俄罗斯]]
|region=[[岭南地方]]、[[黑龙江省]]西北部和西南部、[[库页岛]]
|region=[[岭南地方]]、[[黑龙江省]]西北部和西南部、[[库页岛]]
|speakers= 1千万
|speakers= 1千万
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== 音调 ==
== 音调 ==
根据[[音高重音]]理论,庆尚方言可以分为庆尚北方言和庆尚南方言两种。庆尚北方言分高调、低调(短元音)、低调(长元音)三种,而庆尚南方言则分高、中、低三个调。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Chung | first=Young-Hee | title=Contour tone in the North Kyungsang dialect: evidence for its existence | journal=Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology | volume=8 | issue=1 | year=2002 | pages=135–47 | url=http://society.kisti.re.kr/~pmc/work/vol_08_1/yhchung.pdf | access-date=2012-02-03 | archive-date=2018-09-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928223943/http://society.kisti.re.kr/~pmc/work/vol_08_1/yhchung.pdf | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite paper | last=Utsugi | first=Akira | year=2007 | title=The interplay between lexical and postlexical tonal phenomena and the prosodic structure in Masan/Changwon Korean | url=http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/Workshop2007ICPhS/Papers/Utsugi2007_08.pdf | journal= | access-date=2012-02-03 | archive-date=2012-03-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302000217/http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/Workshop2007ICPhS/Papers/Utsugi2007_08.pdf | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | last=Utsugi | first=Akira | last2=Jang | first2=Hyejin | title=Lexical pitch accent and tonal targets in Daegu Korean | year=2007 | degree=MS | publisher=University of Edinburgh}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Kenstowicz | first=Michael | last2=Park | first2=Chiyoun | title=Laryngeal features and tone in Kyungsang Korean: a phonetic study | journal=Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology | year=2006 | url=http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/kenstowicz/kenstowicz_park.pdf | access-date=2012-02-03 | archive-date=2012-10-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025100229/http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/kenstowicz/kenstowicz_park.pdf | dead-url=no }}</ref>如말이一词,按''高-低''调读的话,意思是“马(主格)”,而按''低-高''来读则是“语言,话语(主格)”的意思。另外,音高重音也有用于区分使役和被动等语法概念的功能,如''jép-pida''(使捉)和 ''jepída''(被捉)。<ref name=Sohn/>
根据[[音高重音]]理论,庆尚方言可以分为庆尚北方言和庆尚南方言两种。庆尚北方言分高调、低调(短元音)、低调(长元音)三种,而庆尚南方言则分高、中、低三个调。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Chung | first=Young-Hee | title=Contour tone in the North Kyungsang dialect: evidence for its existence | journal=Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology | volume=8 | issue=1 | year=2002 | pages=135–47 | url=http://society.kisti.re.kr/~pmc/work/vol_08_1/yhchung.pdf | access-date=2012-02-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite paper | last=Utsugi | first=Akira | year=2007 | title=The interplay between lexical and postlexical tonal phenomena and the prosodic structure in Masan/Changwon Korean | url=http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/Workshop2007ICPhS/Papers/Utsugi2007_08.pdf | journal= | access-date=2012-02-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | last=Utsugi | first=Akira | last2=Jang | first2=Hyejin | title=Lexical pitch accent and tonal targets in Daegu Korean | year=2007 | degree=MS | publisher=University of Edinburgh}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Kenstowicz | first=Michael | last2=Park | first2=Chiyoun | title=Laryngeal features and tone in Kyungsang Korean: a phonetic study | journal=Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology | year=2006 | url=http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/kenstowicz/kenstowicz_park.pdf | access-date=2012-02-03 }}</ref>如말이一词,按''高-低''调读的话,意思是“马(主格)”,而按''低-高''来读则是“语言,话语(主格)”的意思。另外,音高重音也有用于区分使役和被动等语法概念的功能,如''jép-pida''(使捉)和 ''jepída''(被捉)。<ref name=Sohn/>


在庆尚北方言中,任何音节都可能有高音调,如对三音节词来说,音调有四种可能:<ref>''The Prosodic Structure and Pitch Accent of Northern Kyungsang Korean,'' Jun ''et al.,'' JEAL 2005[ling.snu.ac.kr/jun/work/JEAL_final.pdf]</ref>
在庆尚北方言中,任何音节都可能有高音调,如对三音节词来说,音调有四种可能:<ref>''The Prosodic Structure and Pitch Accent of Northern Kyungsang Korean,'' Jun ''et al.,'' JEAL 2005[ling.snu.ac.kr/jun/work/JEAL_final.pdf]</ref>
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== 语法 ==
== 语法 ==
庆尚方言中有许多与标准语不同的语法,下面列出一些有特征性的语法现象。<ref>나진석(1977),경남 방언 [2] 말본, 《한글》 159, 한글 학회</ref><ref>趙義(2007)「慶尚道方言とソウル方言、『教育論講座』第1巻、[[くろしお出版]] ISBN 978-4-87424-374-9</ref>{{notetag|这部分的语法专有名词翻译主要参考《面向外国人的韩国语语法》一书,世界图书出版社 ISBN 978-7-5062-8739-5}}
庆尚方言中有许多与标准语不同的语法,下面列出一些有特征性的语法现象。<ref>나진석(1977),경남 방언 [2] 말본, 《한글》 159, 한글 학회</ref><ref>赵义(2007)“庆尚道方言とソウル方言、『教育论讲座』第1巻、[[くろしお出版]] ISBN 978-4-87424-374-9</ref>{{notetag|这部分的语法专有名词翻译主要参考《面向外国人的韩国语语法》一书,世界图书出版社 ISBN 978-7-5062-8739-5}}


=== 体言 ===
=== 体言 ===
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== 另见 ==
== 另见 ==
* [[朝鮮語方言]]
* [[朝鲜语方言]]
* [[济州语]]
* [[济州语]]


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== 考文 ==
== 考文 ==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* 方言硏究(2001) 《方言學辭典》, 태학사
* 方言硏究(2001) 《方言学辞典》, 태학사
* 이기갑(2003) 《국어 방언 문법》, 태학사
* 이기갑(2003) 《국어 방언 문법》, 태학사
* {{lang|ja|河野六郎}}(1945;1979) 〈{{lang|ja|朝鮮語方言學試―「」語考―}}〉, 《{{lang|ja|河野六郎著作集}}1》, {{lang|ja|平凡社}}
* {{lang|ja|河野六郎}}(1945;1979) 〈{{lang|ja|朝鲜语方言学试―“”语考―}}〉, 《{{lang|ja|河野六郎著作集}}1》, {{lang|ja|平凡社}}
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== 拓展链接 ==
== 拓展链接 ==
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* {{Cite web|url=http://yu.ac.kr/~koredu/dapsa/etc.htm|title=北庆尚方言的特征|language=ko|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226083748/http://yu.ac.kr/~koredu/dapsa/etc.htm|archivedate=2004-12-26}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://yu.ac.kr/~koredu/dapsa/etc.htm|title=北庆尚方言的特征|language=ko|||}}


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[[Category:釜山广域市文化]]
[[Category:釜山广域市文化]]
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[[Category:庆尚北道文化]]
[[Category:庆尚北道文化]]
[[Category:庆尚南道]]
[[Category:庆尚南道]]
[[Category:韓語方言]]
[[Category:韩语方言]]
[[Category:聲調語言]]
[[Category:声调语言]]