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{{Infobox scientist |
{{Infobox scientist |
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|name=吉姆·皮布尔斯{{Nobel icon|物理學}}<br |
|name=吉姆·皮布尔斯{{Nobel icon|物理學}}<br>Jim Peebles |
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|image=Jim Peebles.jpg |
|image=Jim Peebles.jpg |
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|image_size=250 px |
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|fields=[[理论物理学]] <br> [[物理宇宙学]] |
|fields=[[理论物理学]] <br> [[物理宇宙学]] |
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|workplaces=[[普林斯顿大学]] |
|workplaces=[[普林斯顿大学]] |
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|alma_mater=[[曼尼托巴大学]] (BSc) <br |
|alma_mater=[[曼尼托巴大学]] (BSc) <br> [[普林斯顿大学]] (PhD) |
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|known_for=[[宇宙微波背景辐射]] |
|known_for=[[宇宙微波背景辐射]] |
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|awards=[[爱丁顿奖章]] (1981)<br |
|awards=[[爱丁顿奖章]] (1981)<br>[[丹尼·海因曼天体物理学奖]] (1982)<br>[[布鲁斯奖]] (1995)<br>[[英國皇家天文學會金質獎章|英国皇家天文学会金质奖章]] (1998)<br>[[格鲁伯宇宙学奖]] (2000)<br>[[哈維獎]] (2001)<br>[[邵逸夫奖]] (2004)<br>[[克拉福德奖]] (2005)<br>[[狄拉克奖章]] (2013)<br>[[诺贝尔物理学奖]] (2019) |
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'''菲利普·詹姆斯·埃德温·皮布尔斯'''({{lang-en|'''Phillip James Edwin Peebles'''}},{{bd|1935年|4月25日|}} ),出生于[[加拿大]][[温尼伯]],[[加拿大人|加拿大]]-美国[[物理学家]]和理论[[物理宇宙学|宇宙学家]],[[普林斯顿大学]]阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦荣誉科学教授。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/physics/about-us/history/memorable-members/john-wheeler/ |title=Princeton University Physics Department |accessdate=2017-12-13 |
'''菲利普·詹姆斯·埃德温·皮布尔斯'''({{lang-en|'''Phillip James Edwin Peebles'''}},{{bd|1935年|4月25日|}} ),出生于[[加拿大]][[温尼伯]],[[加拿大人|加拿大]]-美国[[物理学家]]和理论[[物理宇宙学|宇宙学家]],[[普林斯顿大学]]阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦荣誉科学教授。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/physics/about-us/history/memorable-members/john-wheeler/ |title=Princeton University Physics Department |accessdate=2017-12-13 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/A94/84/71G20/index.xml |title=Princeton University News |accessdate=2017-12-13 }}</ref>自从1970年以来,他被广泛认为是世界领先的理论宇宙学家。在这期间,他主要对[[太初核合成|原始核合成]],[[暗物质]],[[宇宙微波背景辐射|宇宙微波背景]]和结构形成等领域做出了理论贡献。他的三本教科书(物理宇宙学,1971年;宇宙的大尺度结构,1980年;物理宇宙学原理,1993年)已经成为这些领域标准的参考文献。2019年,他与[[迪迪埃·奎洛兹]]、[[米歇尔·麦耶]]共同获得[[诺贝尔物理学奖]]。 |
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== 生平 == |
== 生平 == |
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皮布尔斯在[[曼尼托巴大学]]获得了学士学位。1958年,他离开了曼尼托巴,进入[[普林斯顿大学]]学习,在那里获得博士学位,导师是[[罗伯特·H·迪克]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125526 |title=Seeing Cosmology Grow |access-date=2017-12-13 |
皮布尔斯在[[曼尼托巴大学]]获得了学士学位。1958年,他离开了曼尼托巴,进入[[普林斯顿大学]]学习,在那里获得博士学位,导师是[[罗伯特·H·迪克]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125526 |title=Seeing Cosmology Grow |access-date=2017-12-13 }}</ref>;之后,他的整个职业生涯都留在了[[普林斯顿大学|普林斯顿]]。 |
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== 学术贡献 == |
== 学术贡献 == |
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皮布尔斯对[[大爆炸]]模型做出了许多重要贡献。在[[乔治·伽莫夫]], [[拉尔夫·阿尔菲]]和[[罗伯特·赫尔曼]]预测微波背景辐射近二十年之后,他与罗伯特·迪克等人解释了[[宇宙微波背景辐射]]是大爆炸的印记。 |
皮布尔斯对[[大爆炸]]模型做出了许多重要贡献。在[[乔治·伽莫夫]], [[拉尔夫·阿尔菲]]和[[罗伯特·赫尔曼]]预测微波背景辐射近二十年之后,他与罗伯特·迪克等人解释了[[宇宙微波背景辐射]]是大爆炸的印记。 |
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除了在[[太初核合成|大爆炸核合成]],[[暗物质]]和[[暗能量]]等领域做出重大贡献,他还是1970年代宇宙结构形成理论的研究先驱。皮布尔斯做了大量工作使得物理宇宙学成为严肃的、定量的物理学分支。他的[[邵逸夫奖]]授奖词说 ''"他为宇宙学中几乎所有的现代研究奠定了基础,包括理论和观测,将一个高度猜测性的领域变成了一门精密的科学"。''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=53&threeid=67&fourid=123|title=Announcement-The Shaw Laureate in Astronomy 2004|accessdate=27 |
除了在[[太初核合成|大爆炸核合成]],[[暗物质]]和[[暗能量]]等领域做出重大贡献,他还是1970年代宇宙结构形成理论的研究先驱。皮布尔斯做了大量工作使得物理宇宙学成为严肃的、定量的物理学分支。他的[[邵逸夫奖]]授奖词说 ''"他为宇宙学中几乎所有的现代研究奠定了基础,包括理论和观测,将一个高度猜测性的领域变成了一门精密的科学"。''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=53&threeid=67&fourid=123|title=Announcement-The Shaw Laureate in Astronomy 2004|accessdate=2016-01-27|publisher=Shaw Foundation}}</ref> |
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皮布尔斯长期以来对基本理论提出了许多创新,这些想法被以后的科学家广泛研究。例如,在1987年,他对于早期宇宙的演化提出了原初等曲率重子模型<ref>Hu (1994-06-28)</ref>;在1970年代初,他对[[暗物质]]问题的建立做出了贡献<ref>{{cite journal|title=How dark matter came to matter|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0059|first1=J. G.|last2=Bertone|first2=G.|date=2017|journal=Nature Astronomy|issue=0059|doi=10.1038/s41550-017-0059|volume=1|arxiv=1703.00013|bibcode=2017NatAs...1E..59D|last3=van Dongen|first3=J.|last1=de Swart|access-date=2017-12-13 |
皮布尔斯长期以来对基本理论提出了许多创新,这些想法被以后的科学家广泛研究。例如,在1987年,他对于早期宇宙的演化提出了原初等曲率重子模型<ref>Hu (1994-06-28)</ref>;在1970年代初,他对[[暗物质]]问题的建立做出了贡献<ref>{{cite journal|title=How dark matter came to matter|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0059|first1=J. G.|last2=Bertone|first2=G.|date=2017|journal=Nature Astronomy|issue=0059|doi=10.1038/s41550-017-0059|volume=1|arxiv=1703.00013|bibcode=2017NatAs...1E..59D|last3=van Dongen|first3=J.|last1=de Swart|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref> |
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皮布尔斯还提出了关于星系形成稳定性的[[欧斯垂克–皮布尔斯判据]]。 |
皮布尔斯还提出了关于星系形成稳定性的[[欧斯垂克–皮布尔斯判据]]。 |
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== 参考文献 == |
== 参考文献 == |
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=== 引用 === |
=== 引用 === |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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=== 来源 === |
=== 来源 === |
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{{refbegin|40em}} |
{{refbegin|40em}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 2003 | title = The cosmological constant and dark energy | url = http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207347 | journal = Rev. Mod. Phys. | volume = 75 | issue = | page = 559 | arxiv = astro-ph/0207347 | bibcode = 2003RvMP...75..559P | doi = 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559 | access-date = 2017-12-13 | |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 2003 | title = The cosmological constant and dark energy | url = http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207347 | journal = Rev. Mod. Phys. | volume = 75 | issue = | page = 559 | arxiv = astro-ph/0207347 | bibcode = 2003RvMP...75..559P | doi = 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559 | access-date = 2017-12-13 | | | }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Fukugita | first1 = M. | last2 = Hogan | first2 = C. J. | last3 = Peebles | first3 = P. J. E. | year = 1998 | title = The cosmic baryon budget | url = http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9712020 | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 503 | issue = | page = 518 | doi = 10.1086/306025 | bibcode = 1998ApJ...503..518F | arxiv = astro-ph/9712020 | access-date = 2017-12-13 | |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fukugita | first1 = M. | last2 = Hogan | first2 = C. J. | last3 = Peebles | first3 = P. J. E. | year = 1998 | title = The cosmic baryon budget | url = http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9712020 | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 503 | issue = | page = 518 | doi = 10.1086/306025 | bibcode = 1998ApJ...503..518F | arxiv = astro-ph/9712020 | access-date = 2017-12-13 | | | }} |
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* P. J. E. Peebles, ''Principles of Physical Cosmology'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993). |
* P. J. E. Peebles, ''Principles of Physical Cosmology'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993). |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1988 | title = Cosmology with a time-variable cosmological 'constant' | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 325 | issue = | page = L17 |bibcode = 1988ApJ...325L..17P |doi = 10.1086/185100 }} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1988 | title = Cosmology with a time-variable cosmological 'constant' | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 325 | issue = | page = L17 |bibcode = 1988ApJ...325L..17P |doi = 10.1086/185100 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1988 | title = Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field | url = | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 37 | issue = | page = 3406 | doi=10.1103/physrevd.37.3406|bibcode = 1988PhRvD..37.3406R }} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ratra | first1 = B. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1988 | title = Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field | url = | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 37 | issue = | page = 3406 | doi=10.1103/physrevd.37.3406|bibcode = 1988PhRvD..37.3406R }} |
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* {{cite journal | last = Davis | first = M. | |
* {{cite journal | last = Davis | first = M. | | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1983 | title = A survey of galaxy redshifts. V – The two-point position and velocity correlations | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 267 | issue = | page = 465 | doi=10.1086/160884 | bibcode=1983ApJ...267..465D }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1982 | title = Large-scale background temperature and mass fluctuations due to scale-invariant primeval perturbations | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 263 | issue = | page = L1 | doi=10.1086/183911 | bibcode=1982ApJ...263L...1P}} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1982 | title = Large-scale background temperature and mass fluctuations due to scale-invariant primeval perturbations | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 263 | issue = | page = L1 | doi=10.1086/183911 | bibcode=1982ApJ...263L...1P}} |
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* P. J. E. Peebles, ''The large-scale structure of the universe'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980). |
* P. J. E. Peebles, ''The large-scale structure of the universe'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980). |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Groth | first1 = E. J. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1977 | title = Statistical Analysis Of Catalogs Of Extragalactic Objects. 7. Two And Three Point Correlation Functions For The High-Resolution Shane-Wirtanen Catalog Of Galaxies | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 217 | issue = | page = 385 | doi=10.1086/155588 | bibcode=1977ApJ...217..385G}} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Groth | first1 = E. J. | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1977 | title = Statistical Analysis Of Catalogs Of Extragalactic Objects. 7. Two And Three Point Correlation Functions For The High-Resolution Shane-Wirtanen Catalog Of Galaxies | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 217 | issue = | page = 385 | doi=10.1086/155588 | bibcode=1977ApJ...217..385G}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Ostriker | first1 = J. P. | |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ostriker | first1 = J. P. | | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | year = 1973 | title = A Numerical Study of the Stability of Flattened Galaxies: or, can Cold Galaxies Survive? | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 186 | issue = | page = 467 | doi=10.1086/152513 | bibcode=1973ApJ...186..467O}} |
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* P. J. E. Peebles, ''Physical Cosmology'', (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1971). |
* P. J. E. Peebles, ''Physical Cosmology'', (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1971). |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | last2 = Yu | first2 = J. T. | year = 1970 | title = Primeval adiabatic perturbation in an expanding universe | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 162 | issue = | page = 815 | doi=10.1086/150713 | bibcode=1970ApJ...162..815P}} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | last2 = Yu | first2 = J. T. | year = 1970 | title = Primeval adiabatic perturbation in an expanding universe | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 162 | issue = | page = 815 | doi=10.1086/150713 | bibcode=1970ApJ...162..815P}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1966 | title = Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. II | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 146 | issue = | page = 542 | doi=10.1086/148918 | bibcode=1966ApJ...146..542P}} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1966 | title = Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. II | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 146 | issue = | page = 542 | doi=10.1086/148918 | bibcode=1966ApJ...146..542P}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1966 | title = Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. I | url = | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 16 | issue = | page = 410 |bibcode = 1966PhRvL..16..410P |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.410 }} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Peebles | first1 = P. J. E. | year = 1966 | title = Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. I | url = | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 16 | issue = | page = 410 |bibcode = 1966PhRvL..16..410P |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.410 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Dicke | first1 = R. H. | |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Dicke | first1 = R. H. | | last2 = Peebles | first2 = P. J. E. | last3 = Roll | first3 = P. G. | last4 = Wilkinson | first4 = D. T. | year = 1965 | title = Cosmic Black-Body Radiation | url = | journal = Astrophys. J. | volume = 142 | issue = | page = 414 | doi=10.1086/148306 | bibcode=1965ApJ...142..414D}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== 外部链接 == |
== 外部链接 == |
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* [http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Peebles/index.html 布鲁斯奖获得者] |
* [http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Peebles/index.html 布鲁斯奖获得者] |
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* [https://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pjep&display=faculty 普林斯顿大学的个人网页] ([https://www.princeton.edu/pr/pictures/l-r/peebles/ 照片] ) |
* [https://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pjep&display=faculty 普林斯顿大学的个人网页] ([https://www.princeton.edu/pr/pictures/l-r/peebles/ 照片] ) |
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* [http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/25507.html 与吉姆·皮布尔斯的口头历史访谈记录,2002年4月4日和5日,美国物理研究所,尼尔斯·玻尔图书馆和档案馆] |
* [http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/25507.html 与吉姆·皮布尔斯的口头历史访谈记录,2002年4月4日和5日,美国物理研究所,尼尔斯·玻尔图书馆和档案馆] |
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{{丹尼·海因曼天体物理学奖获得者}} |
{{丹尼·海因曼天体物理学奖获得者}} |
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{{英国皇家天文学会金质奖章获得者}} |
{{英国皇家天文学会金质奖章获得者}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: Peebles, Jim}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT: Peebles, Jim}} |
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[[Category:20世紀天文學家]] |
[[Category:20世紀天文學家]] |
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[[Category:加拿大科学家]] |
[[Category:加拿大科学家]] |
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[[Category:宇宙学家]] |
[[Category:宇宙学家]] |
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[[Category:英 |
[[Category:英国皇家学会会士]] |
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[[Category:美国国家科学院院士]] |
[[Category:美国国家科学院院士]] |
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[[Category:溫尼伯人]] |
[[Category:溫尼伯人]] |